Chemical Composition and Cold Flow Property of Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel Fuel

The low cold flow property of the coconut oil restricts its tribological applications as a lubricant. The flow property at low temperature was improved by removing the glycerol molecules from the oil thereby converting the fatty acids into esters by the process of alkali esterification. Free movement of these fatty acid esters have improved the cold flow properties of the oil from 26.8 ℃ to −4.5 ℃, but have an inverse effect of reduction on the tribological properties when compared to crude coconut oil. Additives such as tricresyl phosphate, oleic acid, and ethylene vinyl acetate were used to improve the anti-wear, anti-friction properties, and viscosity, respectively. The combined action of the additives have further improved the flow property to −6.9 ℃ and other tribological properties such as coefficient of friction and wear was reduced up to 12.8% and 2.3% respectively when compared to commercial two-stroke engine oil. Environmental hazards due to the exposure of newly formulated two-stroke engine oil were studied using bacteria ( B cereus and E coli). These results establish that the newly formulated oil is nontoxic and have comparable tribological properties to that of commercial two-stroke engine oil.

Download Full-text

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13101580 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1580

Author(s):

Ilya Nifant’ev ◽

Pavel Ivchenko

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Motor Fuel ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Flow Property ◽

Polymer Additives ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Compression Ignition Engines ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Cold Flow Property

In recent decades, biodiesel has been explored as a prospective comparable fuel to petroleum diesel for compression ignition engines. However, several drawbacks have limited the wide application of biodiesel as motor fuel, and the poor cold-flow property is one of the major problems. This problem is compounded by the diversity of the biodiesel characteristics arising from a variety of chemical compositions of biodiesel from different sources. Among the methods investigated to improve the cold-flow properties of biodiesel, the use of additives seems highly promising. Despite the significant number of publications, the potential of this method is still far from having been completely discovered or exploited. In the present review, we briefly describe the sources, chemical composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the main types of biodiesel. Next, we discuss the examples of the use of different polymer additives for the improvement of the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends. Additionally, we tried to assess the prospects of the polymer additives to enhance biodiesel performance. The main conclusion of this survey is that innovative and high-efficiency cold-flow improvers for biodiesel should be further developed.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel by Addition of Cold Flow Improver

Journal of Energy and Safety Technology (JEST) ◽

10.11113/jest.v4n1.76 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wong Yuin Yin ◽

Saharudin Haron

Keyword(s):

Mole Fraction ◽

Flow Property ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Pure Ethanol ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Cold Flow Properties ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Simulation Error ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Cold Flow Property

Despite the renewable and sustainable characteristics, biodiesel is poor in cold flow property (CFP) which causes a significant drawback that have limited its application. Thickening or crystallization of biodiesel in low temperature can readily result in the clogging of fuel pipes and fuel filters. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum properties of blended biodiesel that gives the most accurate simulation results of blended biodiesel’s CFP. TmoleX18 and COSMOthermX were used to identify the viscosities and densities of pure palm oil biodiesel and pure ethanol under different temperatures. The densities, viscosities and pour points of ethanol blended biodiesel was then calculated by using Grunberg-Nissan and, Riazi and Daubert equations. The simulation results were obtained under different compositions of ethanol added from 0 to 0.2 mole fraction at temperature range of 30 °C to -5 °C. The optimum combination of viscosities and densities of blended biodiesel for the blended cold flow properties was at 10 °C and 30 °C respectively. The simulation error at 0.1 mole fraction of ethanol was 0.92 %.

Download Full-text

Enhancing Cold Flow Property of Biodiesel Derived from Cottonseed Oil

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2373 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 781-784 ◽

pp. 2373-2377

Author(s):

Xiao Ling Chen ◽

Xiu Chen ◽

Ling Ling Cai ◽

Yong Bin Lai ◽

Ya Li Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Flow Property ◽

Cottonseed Oil ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Flow Properties ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Cold Flow Properties ◽

Acid Methyl

The chemical compositions of cottonseed oil biodiesel (CSME) are analyzed by using the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The cold flow properties of CSME is studied by cold filer plugging point (CFPP) tester and crystallization mechanism of biodiesel, three approaches for enhancing cold flow properties of CSME are put forward: crystallization fractionation; blending with winter petrodiesel; and treating with cold flow improver (CFI) additives. A significant correlation model is proposed for predicting CFPP by CSME blending ratio. The study shows that the CSME is mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFSMEs): C14:0~C24:0 and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAMEs): C16:1~C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME is 32.12 and 66.19%, respectively. The CFPP of CSME is 6 °C. Crystallization fractionation and blending with-10PD decrease the CFPP of CSME to-1 °C and-12 °C, respectively. Adding Flow Fit, Flow Fit K and T818 additives 1.5 v% decreases the CFPP of CME and CME/-10PD to 0 and-26 °C, respectively. This study has effectively enhanced cold flow properties of CSME and provides technical support for using CSME.

Download Full-text

Effect of thermal decomposition on biodiesel viscosity and cold flow property

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2013.10.034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 981-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Ronghong Lin ◽

Yiying Zhu ◽

Lawrence L. Tavlarides

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Flow Property ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Cold Flow Property

Download Full-text

Influence of Tetradecyl Methacrylate-N-α-methacrylamide Copolymers as Pour Point Depressants on the Cold Flow Property of Diesel Fuel

Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c00890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (10) ◽

pp. 11976-11986

Author(s):

Suya Yin ◽

Taishun Yang ◽

Yuan Xue ◽

Maiying Xie ◽

Fengfei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Pour Point ◽

Flow Property ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Pour Point Depressants ◽

Cold Flow Property

Download Full-text

Effect of Metal on Stability and Cold Flow Property of Pongamia Biodiesel

Materials Today Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.062 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (4-5) ◽

pp. 1421-1426 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gaurav Dwivedi ◽

M.P. Sharma

Keyword(s):

Flow Property ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Cold Flow Property

Download Full-text

Characterization of the Physicochemical Property of Blend of Butanol and Octanol with Biodiesel

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.l3083.1081219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 3240-3245

Keyword(s):

Calorific Value ◽

Flow Property ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Higher Alcohol ◽

Cold Flow ◽

Low Emission ◽

Electric Generation ◽

Cold Flow Property ◽

Acid Percentage

Energy is the major concern around the world not because it is limited availability of petroleum fuel but also due to its environmental effects, greenhouse gas emissions and ozone layer depletion. The compression ignition engine widely used in the agriculture, transportation, electric generation sector which mainly driven by fossil diesel. To counter the cause produce by fossil diesel use and its limited resources, bio-derived fuel may play a major role to fulfill the requirement. But, it has been observed that higher viscosity of biodiesel leads to poor atomization and improper mixing of fuel with air. The poor Combustion, higher viscosity, higher emission of NOx , low break thermal efficiency of biodiesel, the high cost of production are the main impediment in the preferment of the use of bio-diesel. To mitigate the problem of use of biodiesel blending of higher alcohol in biodiesel may offer a potential solution. Hence in this study Jatropha biodiesel has been blended with n-butanol and n-octanol alcohol by volume 10%, 20%, and 30%. i.e. JME90B10, JME80B20, JME70B30, JME90O10, JME80O20, JME70O30 and evaluate the physicochemical properties i.e. Kinematic viscosity, calorific value, cetane index, cold flow property and oxygen stability as per ASTM standard and compare with diesel and biodiesel. However, blends have a higher viscosity than diesel. But this fuel is bio-degradable in nature, help to diminish carbon footprint and has low emission outlines as compared to petroleum diesel. Usage of a combination of bio-fuel will allow a balance to be sought between agriculture, industrialization, transportation and the environment. GC-MS analysis of JME show 29.64% saturated acid and 69.25% of mono unsaturated acid. The properties of biodiesel depend upon the variation of acid percentage. Overall property of blend comparable with fossil diesel it may substitute the diesel.

Download Full-text