scholarly journals The Development of Foreign Fur Trade of Large Firms from North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals The Contribution of A.E. Nadeina, Ayan Merchant of the Second Guild, to the Economic Development and Social Life of North-Eastern Siberia at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Margarita Kushnareva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
New School ◽  
Public Events ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

There is a growing interest among scientists and general public to the historical experience of the functioning of merchant enterprises on the eastern borders of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes the contribution of A.E. Nadeina, the Ayan merchant of the Second guild, to the economic development and social life on the eastern outskirts of Siberia at the beginning of the 20-th century. The key issue of the article is interdisciplinary and it combines the knowledge of history and economics. The study used method of content analysis, which involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data sources, using mathematical modeling. The primary method is the analysis of memoirs and epistolary. The research identified main types of activity of A.E. Nadeina’s enterprise, determined economic indicators and evaluated the firm’s contribution to the economic development of coastal areas of North-Eastern Siberia by industry. The study found that the main contribution of A.E. Nadeina to the economic development of North-Eastern Siberia was the creation of transport infrastructure along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and cargo transportation between the ports of Ayan and Nelkan. The annual profit of the transport enterprise of A.E. Nadeina was 20 thousand rubles. Gold exploration and development of forest resources, organized by A.E. Nadeina, were of strategic importance to the economic development of the region. Exploration and registration of new gold reserves, sale of timber forest annually contributed more than 5 thousand rubles to local economy providing means for its diversification. Fur trade of A.E. Nadeina was organized according to the classical scheme of loan on goods. The annual turnover of the enterprise reached 100–150 thousand rubles. To boost fur trade A.E. Nadeina created business ties with large firms, established a group of fur suppliers, provided transport service for commercial operations and developed fur resources of the region. In conclusion, it is necessary to note her contribution to social life of North-Eastern Siberia. A.E. Nadeina supported local education initiatives, commissioned the construction of a new school, and organized public events for the residents of Ayan and Nelkan.

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Customs in the Legal Regulation of the Fur Trade in the Russian Empire (Based on Materials from North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

The main purpose of the publication is to analyze the role of trade customs in the process of legal regulation of the organization of the fur trade in the north-east of Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Achieving this goal presupposes an analysis of the norms of the legislative sources of the trade law of the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The analysis of trade customs is based on examples from previously unpublished and unreported archival sources. Analyzed cash, trade books of firms “N. D. Everstov”, “G. V. Nikiforov”, ‘G. V. Nikiforov and Co”, “I. P. Antipin and G. V. Nikiforov”, Joint Stock Company of Match and Fur Factory “N. P. Rylov and F. P. Lesnikov”, containing records of transactions concluded on the basis of trade customs. The topic is of theoretical and applied relevance. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature. To solve the set tasks, comparative, problem-chronological methods, as well as functional and comparative legal methods of jurisprudence were applied in the work. The author determined that the synthesis of the norms of customary law of the indigenous population of North-Eastern Siberia with the norms of general imperial laws led to the formation of a complex of trade customs in the industry. The article analyzes the practice of implementing such trade customs in the fur trade, such as: accrual of debt to fishers and its transition to the next fishing season, unequal exchange, fixing commercial information in personal correspondence. As the main conclusions, it was noted that the trade customs in the fur trade were superior to the norms of the Trade Charter and other legislative acts of the state. This was facilitated by the special historical conditions and specificity of the legal consciousness of society in the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The development of commodity-money relations and the state policy of legislative convergence of the legal status of the indigenous and Russian population of the outlying territories of Siberia contributed to a gradual decrease in the role of trade customs in the fur trade at the beginning of the 20th century.

I.—On the very Recent and Rapid Elevation of the Highlands of Eastern Asia

1891 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Henry H. Howorth
Keyword(s):  
Rooted Trees ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Many

Among the many interesting issues raised by the discovery of Mammoth remains in large numbers along the Arctic borders of Eastern Asia, one has, I think, ceased to be polemical. So far as I know, there is no serious student who now contests the fact that the Mammoth and his companions lived where their remains are found. The rooted trees upon which they fed, and the southern river-shells which were their contemporaries, both of which are found with their remains (both being incapable of migration), prove incontestably what a score of other arguments show, that the fauna of North-Eastern Siberia in the Mammoth age, like its flora, must be explained by some other theory than migration. This I have urged in many ways in my work on the Mammoth.

scholarly journals Woolly mammoth δ13C and δ15N values remained amazingly stable throughout the last ∼50,000 years in north-eastern Siberia

2019 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kuitems ◽  
T. van Kolfschoten ◽  
A.N. Tikhonov ◽  
J. van der Plicht
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Woolly Mammoth
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