The Role of Fairs in the Development of Fur Trade (North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centuries)

2014 ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Kushnareva
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Customs in the Legal Regulation of the Fur Trade in the Russian Empire (Based on Materials from North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

The main purpose of the publication is to analyze the role of trade customs in the process of legal regulation of the organization of the fur trade in the north-east of Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Achieving this goal presupposes an analysis of the norms of the legislative sources of the trade law of the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The analysis of trade customs is based on examples from previously unpublished and unreported archival sources. Analyzed cash, trade books of firms “N. D. Everstov”, “G. V. Nikiforov”, ‘G. V. Nikiforov and Co”, “I. P. Antipin and G. V. Nikiforov”, Joint Stock Company of Match and Fur Factory “N. P. Rylov and F. P. Lesnikov”, containing records of transactions concluded on the basis of trade customs. The topic is of theoretical and applied relevance. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature. To solve the set tasks, comparative, problem-chronological methods, as well as functional and comparative legal methods of jurisprudence were applied in the work. The author determined that the synthesis of the norms of customary law of the indigenous population of North-Eastern Siberia with the norms of general imperial laws led to the formation of a complex of trade customs in the industry. The article analyzes the practice of implementing such trade customs in the fur trade, such as: accrual of debt to fishers and its transition to the next fishing season, unequal exchange, fixing commercial information in personal correspondence. As the main conclusions, it was noted that the trade customs in the fur trade were superior to the norms of the Trade Charter and other legislative acts of the state. This was facilitated by the special historical conditions and specificity of the legal consciousness of society in the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The development of commodity-money relations and the state policy of legislative convergence of the legal status of the indigenous and Russian population of the outlying territories of Siberia contributed to a gradual decrease in the role of trade customs in the fur trade at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals The Contribution of A.E. Nadeina, Ayan Merchant of the Second Guild, to the Economic Development and Social Life of North-Eastern Siberia at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214
Author(s):  
Margarita Kushnareva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Fur Trade ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
New School ◽  
Public Events ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

There is a growing interest among scientists and general public to the historical experience of the functioning of merchant enterprises on the eastern borders of the Russian Empire. The article analyzes the contribution of A.E. Nadeina, the Ayan merchant of the Second guild, to the economic development and social life on the eastern outskirts of Siberia at the beginning of the 20-th century. The key issue of the article is interdisciplinary and it combines the knowledge of history and economics. The study used method of content analysis, which involves the quantitative and qualitative analysis of statistical data sources, using mathematical modeling. The primary method is the analysis of memoirs and epistolary. The research identified main types of activity of A.E. Nadeina’s enterprise, determined economic indicators and evaluated the firm’s contribution to the economic development of coastal areas of North-Eastern Siberia by industry. The study found that the main contribution of A.E. Nadeina to the economic development of North-Eastern Siberia was the creation of transport infrastructure along the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, and cargo transportation between the ports of Ayan and Nelkan. The annual profit of the transport enterprise of A.E. Nadeina was 20 thousand rubles. Gold exploration and development of forest resources, organized by A.E. Nadeina, were of strategic importance to the economic development of the region. Exploration and registration of new gold reserves, sale of timber forest annually contributed more than 5 thousand rubles to local economy providing means for its diversification. Fur trade of A.E. Nadeina was organized according to the classical scheme of loan on goods. The annual turnover of the enterprise reached 100–150 thousand rubles. To boost fur trade A.E. Nadeina created business ties with large firms, established a group of fur suppliers, provided transport service for commercial operations and developed fur resources of the region. In conclusion, it is necessary to note her contribution to social life of North-Eastern Siberia. A.E. Nadeina supported local education initiatives, commissioned the construction of a new school, and organized public events for the residents of Ayan and Nelkan.

Colchicum autumnale (Colchicaceae) w okolicach Krakowa – dawne i obecne rozmieszczenie

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Magdalena Zarzyka-Ryszka
Keyword(s):  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Colchicum Autumnale ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
North Eastern Part

The paper describes the past and present distribution of Colchicum autumnale in the vicinity of Cracow, highlights the role of Stanisław Dembosz (who published the first locality of C. autumnale near Igołomia in 1841). Gives information about the occurrence of C. autumnale in Krzeszowice in the 19th century (reported by Bronisław Gustawicz), presents new localities noted in 2012–2014 in meadows in the north-eastern part of the Puszcza Niepołomicka forest and adjacent area (between the Vistula and Raba rivers), and gives a locality found in Cracow in 2005 (no longer extant).

Introgression between non-sister species of honeyeaters (Aves: Meliphagidae) several million years after speciation

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-591
Author(s):  
Leo Joseph ◽  
Alex Drew ◽  
Ian J Mason ◽  
Jeffrey L Peters
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The City

Abstract We reassessed whether two parapatric non-sister Australian honeyeater species (Aves: Meliphagidae), varied and mangrove honeyeaters (Gavicalis versicolor and G. fasciogularis, respectively), that diverged from a common ancestor c. 2.5 Mya intergrade in the Townsville area of north-eastern Queensland. Consistent with a previous specimen-based study, by using genomics methods we show one-way gene flow for autosomal but not Z-linked markers from varied into mangrove honeyeaters. Introgression barely extends south of the area of parapatry in and around the city of Townsville. While demonstrating the long-term porosity of species boundaries over several million years, our data also suggest a clear role of sex chromosomes in maintaining reproductive isolation.

Ecology of terrace wet rice-fish environment and role of periphyton

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surjya Kumar Saikia ◽  
Debangshu Narayan Das
Keyword(s):  
Rice Fields ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Rice Fish ◽  
Water Canals ◽  
Key Words Rice

The waterlogged terrace wet rice-fields of Apatani Plateau located at an altitude of 1500msl in Arunachal Pradesh of the north eastern India are stocked with fish Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) for several decades. The fishes are not fed with supplementary feeds because of the rich organic nature of the rice-fields. The study on water and soil of these fields revealed a strong co-relation to such organic nature. The wet rice-fish integrated fields exhibited the characters of shallow wet ecosystems. The water canals traversed through the rice fields were found inundated with water up to 50m showing the nature of Deep Water Rice fields (DWR) at least for one month. Significant (p<0.001) variations of water were observed for dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to diurnal and seasonal changes. Alkalinity of the fields intends to play a role towards its productivity which is otherwise played by DO in other aquatic systems. Soil nitrogen reflected a gradual increasing trend of organic nature. Role of periphyton may not be ignored to the high phosphorus level of the soil at later flood phases in these fields. Key words: Rice-fish; aquatic ecosystem; organic practice; plankton; periphyton DOI: 10.3126/jowe.v4i0.2585Journal of Wetlands Ecology, (2010) Vol. 4, pp 102-111

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