scholarly journals Capital Adequacy A Moderating Effect of Asset Growth on Performance of Nigerian Agricultural Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Shehu Usman Hassan ◽  
Masud Abdullahi Baba ◽  
Tukur Danlami ◽  
Ibrahim Ayuba Kambai
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Hausman Test ◽  
Asset Growth ◽  
Longitudinal Regression ◽  
Level Of Significance

This study examines capital adequacy and the moderating impact of asset growth on the performance of firms in the agricultural sector. 4 listed agricultural firms were examined over a period of 10 years and data were extracted from their financial statements which were analyzed through a STATA 13 tool of analysis. Regression, correlation matrix and descriptive methods of analysis were employed to present and analyze results. Other post estimation tests like skewness and kurtosis test, Variance Inflation Factor test, specification test, heteroskedasticity tests and hausman test to select between fixed effect and random effect regression model were conducted to ensure robustness of results. The fixed effect stochastic longitudinal regression analysis model was adopted as guided by the hausman test. From the findings posited by the study, liquidity structure, liquidity structure moderated by asset growth and the combined effect of firm size moderated by asset growth were found to be significantly impacting on return on asset of firms at 1% level of significance. Firm size was found not to have any significant impact on return on assets. It was therefore recommended that the management should ensure considerable excess of current assets over current liabilities at all times so that there will always be positive liquidity structure; management should ensure consistent and prudent capital acquisition to ensure larger firm size; management should ensure steady asset growth by asset revaluation and new acquisition over time; the regulatory authority in the agricultural sector should establish a firm size benchmark below which no firm should operate.

scholarly journals A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR THE CROSS SECTION OF THE LIQUIDITY, FIRM SIZE, EARNINGS VOLATILITY, AND LEVERAGE IN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-337
Author(s):  
Irdha Yusra
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Earnings Volatility ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
Effect Method

Basically, every company requires capital in order to finance its operational activity and to expand their business so capital becomes one of the important elements in a company. When the capital which is owned by the company is large the operational activity that can be conducted is large as well. This research is meant to test the influence of liquidity, firm size, earnings volatility, to the leverage. The population is all companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 periods. The sample collection technique has been carried out by using purposive sampling method and based on the predetermined criteria, 86 companies have been selected as samples. The data of the financial statement of the companies has been obtained from the official website of IDX. The analytical method used is regression analysis of panel data with the help of application E-Views 8. The initial test is to test the Chow-Test to decide whether the Pooled Least Square or Fixed Effect method is used, and the test Hausman-Test to decide whether the Fixed Effect or Random Effect method can be used. The result of the research shows that the variable liquidity has a negative and significant effect on leverage, firm size has a negatif and not significant on levearge, while earning volatility does not have any significant influence on leverage.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KAUSAL ANTARA UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, NILAI BUKU DAN LIKUIDITAS SAHAM DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfa Danil ◽  
Irdha Yusra
Keyword(s):  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Stock Liquidity ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Book Value ◽  
High Level

Basically the most interesting aspect for investors is liquid stocks where the level of liquidity of a stock is driven by transactions carried out on the stock so the more often a stock is traded shows a high level of mobility and the easier the stock is traded. This study aims to examine the effect of firm Size, book value on stock liquidity. The population in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2013-2017. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method and based on predetermined criteria a sample of 99 companies has been obtained. Financial report data is obtained from the official IDX website. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis with the help of application E-Views 8. The initial test done is to test the Chow-Test to decide whether the method of Pooled least square or Fixed effect is used; and Haussman-test testing to decide whether the fixed effect method or random effect can be used. The results of this observation state that firm size does not have a significant effect on stock liquidity, while book value has a significant effect on stock liquidity

scholarly journals The Effect of Financial Condition on Firm Value: A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Dwiyanjana Santyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Difference

This study analyzes a company’s financial condition on firm value. We also evaluated the difference in firm value between corporate sectors affected and unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The regression analysis model used is the random effect model as well as the difference-in-difference technique. The study uses data from the company’s interim financial reports for the first and second quarters of 2018, 2019, and 2020. We found that firm size and leverage influence firm values. This applies to companies in the affected sectors, such as hotel, restaurant, and tourism sub-sectors, and unaffected sectors, such as health, pharmacy, and telecommunication sub-sectors. We also found that firm values in affected and unaffected sectors, before and during COVID-19, do not significantly differ. Keywords: COVID-19, financial condition, firm value

scholarly journals Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Tahira Ashraf ◽  
Khadija Waheed ◽  
Mirza Rizwan Sajid ◽  
Nesrin Guler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity

Abstract Objective:  This study is designed to systematically review the prevalence of preterm birth from previously published studies of Pakistan and to find pooled prevalence from available local data. Methodology:  Targeted literature was searched with specific key words such as “preterm birth, prematurity, prevalence and mortality in preterm birth in Pakistan”. Studies with copyright and/or permission issues were excluded. A total of 300 studies were found initially that were somewhat related to the topic, after careful screening only 5 studies met inclusion criteria for cur-rent study. To test the null hypothesis for all studies evaluating effect Cochran's Q was used and P-values with a level of significance of 5%were considered significant. Results:  The pooled prevalence of Preterm Birth was found to be 18.89% using fixed effect, 16.81% using random effect and 18.89% using fixed effect heterogeneity. I-squared for each effect model was > 75%. On applying Chi2 test we obtained significant p-value i.e. p-value < 0.01. Conclusion:  Through this meta-analysis we found one of the highest pooled prevalence of preterm birth in Pakistan. Reducing preterm birth can result in improvement of overall neonatal health and significantly reduce neonatal mortality in future.

Determinants Of Liquidity Risk: A Study Of Commercial Banks In Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Syeda Zain Fatima ◽  
Hafiza Iram Naseem
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Liquidity Risk ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Capital Adequacy Ratio

The aim of this research is to examine the determinants of liquidity risk of commercial banks in Pakistan. For this research, the data of 20 commercial banks of Pakistan is collected annually for eight years ranging from 2012-2020. This study uses the Panel data regression analysis approach. Liquidity ratio as a dependent variable has been selected as measures liquidity risk whereas five independent variables size of bank, liquid assets ratio, capital adequacy ratio, Leverage, Non-performing loans have been selected for different types of bank-specific factors. Fixed effect regression analysis and random effect analysis has been performed, the Hausman test used to see whether the fixed effect model or random model is suitable. The findings of this study are beneficial for policymaker, manager, economic agents to control on risk factors. The results of this study show the size of bank (SOB), liquid assets ratio (LAR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) has a negative and statistically significant effect on liquidity ratio. However, Leverage (LEV) has a positive and statistically significant effect on liquidity risk meaning that increase in leverage increase the liquidity risk but Non-performing loans (NPLs) has a negative and statistically insignificant relationship with liquidity risk.

scholarly journals Impact of Cramel Model on the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Syed Masood Shah ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Malik ◽  
Sikandar Shah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Firm Financial Performance ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the impact of CRAMEL model on commercial banks financial performance working in Pakistan. Firm financial performance used as dependent variable e.g. ROA, ROE and TQ whereas Capital Adequacy, Resource Allocation, Asset Quality, Management Efficiency, Earning Profitability and Liquidity were used as independent variables. Panel data was analyzed through ordinary least square, fixed effect and random effect models. Secondary data of twenty listed commercial banks on Pakistan stock exchange are used from the period of 2008 to 2017. Result of fixed effect model provided significant positive relationship among CA, RA and ROA, ROE, whereas EP and LIQ have substantial negative association with ROA and ROE. There is insignificant relation of AQ and EP with ROA and ROE. Furthermore, EP has substantial positive association with Tobin's Q whereas RA, ME and LIQ has substantial negative relation with Tobin's Q. Lastly CA and AQ have insignificant impact on Tobin's Q.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Preterm Birth in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Hanif ◽  
Tahira Ashraf ◽  
Khadija Waheed ◽  
Mirza Rizwan Sajid ◽  
Nesrin Güler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Effect Heterogeneity

<p><strong>Objective:  </strong>This study is designed to systematically review the prevalence of preterm birth from previously published studies of Pakistan and to find pooled prevalence from available local data.</p><p><strong>Methodology:</strong><strong>  </strong>Targeted literature was searched with specific key words such as “preterm birth, prematurity, prevalence and mortality in preterm birth in Pakistan”. Studies with copyright and/or permission issues were excluded. A total of 300 studies were found initially that were somewhat related to the topic, after careful screening only 5 studies met inclusion criteria for current study. To test the null hypothesis for all studies evaluating effect Cochran's <em>Q</em> was used and P-values with a level of significance of 5%were considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong>  </strong>The pooled prevalence of Preterm Birth was found to be 18.89% using fixed effect, 16.81% using random effect and 18.89% using fixed effect heterogeneity. I-squared for each effect model was &gt; 75%. On applying Chi<sup>2</sup> test we obtained significant p-value i.e. p-value &lt; 0.01.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong>  </strong>Through this meta-analysis we found one of the highest pooled prevalence of preterm birth in Pakistan. Reducing preterm birth can result in improvement of overall neonatal health and significantly reduce neonatal mortality in future.</p>

scholarly journals Approaches to Modelling  Heterogeneity in Longitudinal  Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Xiaomei Li
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Estimation Bias ◽  
Individual Effect ◽  
Hausman Test ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
The Individual

<p>This thesis is about estimation bias of longitudinal data when there is correlation between the explanatory variable and the individual effect. In our study, we firstly introduce what is longitudinal data, then we introduce the commonly used estimation methods for the general linear model: the least squares method and maximum likelihood method. We apply these estimation methods to three simple general models which are commonly used to analyse longitudinal data. Secondly, we use frequentist and Bayesian analysis to explore the estimation bias theoretically and empirically, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity bias. This bias occurs where random effect estimation is used to analyse data with nonzero correlation between explanatory variables and the individual effect. We then empirically compare the estimated value with the true value. In this way, we demonstrate and verify the theoretical formulation which can be used to determine the size of the bias [Mundlak, 1978]. In order to avoid the estimation bias, the fixed effect estimation should be used to get the better solution under nonzero correlation situation. The Hausman test is used to confirm this. However, the bias not only occurs when we use frequentist analysis, but also exist by using the Bayesian estimation of random effect model. Finally, we follow the Mundlak [1978] idea, then define the special Bayesian model which can be used as Hausman test and as a comparable model. We also prove that it is best fit model among the random effect, fixed effect and pooled model if there is correlation between explanatory variables and individual effect. Throughout this thesis, we illustrate this ideas using examples based on real and simulated data.</p>

scholarly journals Dampak Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Corporate Social Responsibility pada Sektor Perbankan di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Safitri Laili ◽  
Aminar Sutra Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Effect Method

This study aims to analyze the effect of firm size and profitability on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of the banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population is banking companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 periods. The sample collection technique has been carried out by using purposive sampling method and based on the predetermined criteria, 6 companies have been selected as samples. The data of the financial statement of the companies has been obtained from the official website of IDX. The analytical method used is regression analysis of panel data with the help of application E-Views 8. The initial test is to test the Chow-Test to decide whether the Pooled Least Square or Fixed Effect method is used, and the test Hausman-Test to decide whether the Fixed Effect or Random Effect method can be used. The result of the research shows that the variable profitability has a positive and significant effect on corporate social responsibility, firm size has a positive and not significant on corporate social responsibility

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Kesehatan Keuangan Bank Terhadap Kontribusi Sosial Bank Umum Syariah Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sandi Andika
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Error Term ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Hausman Test ◽  
Chow Test

Pertumbuhan perbankan syariah pasca diterbitkannya Undang-undang Nomor 10 tahun 1998 sangat signifikan, yang sebelumnya hanya ada satu bank syariah yaitu BMI pada tahun 1992. Menjamurnya bank-bank syariah di tengah-tengah masyarakat muslim di Indonesia diharapkan mampu memberikan perubahan yang signifikan terhadap permasalahan yang melanda masyarakat Indonesia yaitu kemiskinan dan berbagai macam kesenjangan sosial lainnya. Dengan demikian, sebagai perbankan yang berbasis Islam, tentu seharusnya bank syariah memberikan keseimbangan antara prestasi bank syariah dalam hal ini diketahui melalui tingkat kesehatan bank syariah dengan kontribusi sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi kesehatan keuangan bank syariah, kondisi kontribusi sosial bank syariah dan menganalisis keterpengaruhan antara kesehatan keuangan bank syariah dengan kontribusi sosial bank syariah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah 3 (tiga) bank umum syariah yaitu Bank Muamalat Indonesia (BMI), Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSM) dan Bank Mega Syariah Indonesia (BMSI). Periode penelitian ini selama 7 (tujuh) tahun dari tahun 2004 sampai 2010. Melalui analisis deskriptif diketahui bahwa secara umum kesehatan bank syariah dalam kondisi sehat dengan BMI mendapat nilai kredit tertinggi sebesar 97,14 selanjutnya BMSI dan BSM mendapat nilai kredit 89,31 dan 85,48. Sedangkan kontribusi sosial bank syariah secara umum dalam kondisi cukup baik, BSM mendapat nilai kredit tertinggi sebesar 71,85 selanjutnya BMSI dan BMI dengan masing-masing nilai kredit sebesar 68,35 dan 68,07. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan 3 (tiga) metode pendekatan yaitu Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (PLS), Fixed Effect Methode (FEM) dan Random Effect Methode (REM). Melalui pemilihan model dengan Chow Test dan Hausman Test dihasilkan model yang paling efektif adalah metode PLS. Berdasarkan metode PLS dilakukan uji t, diketahui bahwa variabel independen (kesehatan keuangan bank syariah) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen (kontribusi sosial bank syariah) berdasarkan t-statistik 1,80 < t-tabel 2.09 pada tingkat signifikansi  = 5%. Koefesien determinasi R2 menunjukkan bahwa variabel independen kesehatan keuangan bank syariah mampu menjelaskan variasi kontribusi sosial bank syariah sebesar 14% sisanya sebesar 86% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain (error term) yang tidak dimasukkan didalam persamaan model ini.

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