The Signatories
Keyword(s):
Chapter Five provides a narrative of the Senate’s Southern Caucus’ struggle to secure the endorsement of the Southern Manifesto by the majority of the Southern Congressional Delegation. These included an important endorsement by prominent national Democrats like U.S Reps. Brooks Hays, but refusals by U.S Rep. Harold Cooley of North Carolina, Speaker of the House of Representatives Sam Rayburn of Texas, as well as U.S. Sens. Albert Gore, Sr., Estes Kefauver, of Tennessee and Senate Majority Leader Lyndon Johnson of Texas. The ramification of these endorsements, for both Massive Resistance and the larger Struggle for Black Freedom, is also examined.