Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of ghrelin

Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone receptor, which is synthesized as a prohormone, and then proteolytically converted into 28-amino acid peptide. This peptide stimulates the secretion of growth hormone, regulates food intake, effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Ghrelin enhances the bioavailability of nitric oxide and maintains the balance between endothelin-1 and nitric oxide in the vascular wall. It increases cardiac output, and reduces blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. Antiinflammatory effect of ghrelin is also appreciated. Since ghrelin is a circulating peptide that stimulates appetite and regulate energy balance, and its role in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes it is the subject of intense research. A variety of metabolic functions of ghrelin requires extreme caution in the use of therapeutic approaches aimed at the stimulation or blockade of its action.

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Metabolic and Cardiovascular Effects of Ghrelin

International Journal of Peptides ◽

10.1155/2010/864342 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Manfredi Tesauro ◽

Francesca Schinzari ◽

Miriam Caramanti ◽

Renato Lauro ◽

Carmine Cardillo

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Ventricular Contractility ◽

Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor ◽

Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽

Amino Acid Peptide

Ghrelin, an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, is synthesized as a preprohormone and then proteolytically processed to yield a 28-amino acid peptide. This peptide was originally reported to induce growth hormone release; large evidence, however, has indicated many other physiological activities of ghrelin, including regulation of food intake and energy balance, as well as of lipid and glucose metabolism. Ghrelin receptors have been detected in the hypothalamus and the pituitary, but also in the cardiovascular system, where ghrelin exerts beneficial hemodynamic activities. Ghrelin administration acutely improves endothelial dysfunction by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and normalizes the altered balance between endothelin-1 and nitric oxide within the vasculature of patients with metabolic syndrome. Other cardiovascular effects of ghrelin include improvement of left ventricular contractility and cardiac output, as well as reduction of arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance. In addition, antinflammatory and antiapoptotic actions of ghrelin have been reported both in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes the most recent findings on the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of ghrelin through GH-dependent and -independent mechanisms and the possible role of ghrelin as a therapeutic molecule for treating cardiovascular diseases.

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P-12 INFLUENCE OF EXON 3-DELETED GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR VARIANT ON CLINICAL PARAMETERS OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Growth Hormone & IGF Research ◽

10.1016/s1096-6374(07)70317-9 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

pp. S43

Author(s):

Rona J Strawbridge ◽

Lars Karvestedt ◽

Harvest G Gu ◽

Chunde Li ◽

Kerstin Brismar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Growth Hormone ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Growth Hormone Receptor ◽

Clinical Parameters

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Integration of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of exercise

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0420193 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 193-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Anton J.M. Wagenmakers ◽

Natal A.W. van Riel ◽

Michael P. Frenneaux ◽

Paul M. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Vascular Wall ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Muscle Fibres ◽

Irreversible Damage

Most of the essays in this volume have adopted a reductionist approach and have focused on the biochemistry either in skeletal muscle or in the vascular wall. There is however a complex interaction between the biochemistry in the endothelium of the microvascular wall, the vascular smooth muscle and the skeletal muscle fibres involving signalling pathways in the three tissues and an intense exchange of signal molecules between them. In the present essay an integrative overview is given of this complex metabolic interaction and the impairments in it that lead to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.A reduced nitric oxide production by the (micro)vascular endothelium is identified as the key event and is reversible by regular exercise and a reduced calorie intake. The chapter also contains a description of the complex metabolic network controlled by the inducible transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, that is activated in more advanced stages of the chronic diseases, and either leads to repair of the microvascular wall or to irreversible damage and the severe complications of end stage cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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Two newly detected mutations and four new single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promotor region of exon 1 of the human growth hormone receptor gene in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-2005-920449 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 113 (08) ◽

Author(s):

S Meyer ◽

M Arnken ◽

A Keth ◽

PH Kann

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Hormone Receptor ◽

Receptor Gene ◽

Human Growth ◽

Hormone Deficiency ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Exon 1 ◽

Growth Hormone Receptor Gene ◽

Human Growth Hormone Receptor

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Laron syndrome – A case Report

JMS SKIMS ◽

10.33883/jms.v20i2.204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 104-106

Author(s):

Javaid Ahmad Bhat ◽

Moomin Hussain Bhat ◽

Hilal Bhat ◽

Mona Sood ◽

Shariq Rashid Masoodi

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Case Report ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Growth Hormone Receptor ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

Female Child ◽

Receptor Signaling ◽

Laron Syndrome ◽

Rare Genetic Disorder ◽

Igf I

Background : Laron & colleagues (1966) reported a rare genetic disorder in Israliei Jewish sublings which was characterized by insensitivity to growth hormone due to abnormality in growth hormone receptor or post receptor signaling pathway.Case Report: We hereby report a case of a 5 year old female child who presented to us with features similar to Laron syndrome. The diagnosis was made & confirmed by various Lab. investigations like low IGF-I levels and managed accordingly. JMS 2017; 20 (2):104-106

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