scholarly journals Lack of Anonymity and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Rural Nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-201
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Swan ◽  
Barbara B. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Rural Nursing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Nurses ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:  The purpose was to determine the prevalence of lack of anonymity (LA) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) among nurses; determine if nurses’ LA and STS differ by population density and examine the relationship between lack of anonymity and STS. Design and Method:  A descriptive correlational study examined LA and STS in a random sample of 271 nurses from counties with differing population densities (rural, micropolitan and metropolitan) of a Midwestern US State.  A 3-group design was used to examine the relationship between LA and STS in nurses, living and working in these counties. Data on lack of anonymity, secondary trauma and demographics were collected through online questionnaires.   Findings:  Rural nurses had a higher prevalence of LA than micropolitan and metropolitan nurses.  While the prevalence of STS among rural nurses was higher than either micropolitan or metropolitan nurses; there was no difference in STS among the three population groups.  Lack of anonymity and STS were related; however, analysis revealed that LA and STS are inversely correlated, indicating that as LA increases, STS decreases.  A majority of rural nurses (90%) reported living in a rural community prior to their 18th birthday. Conclusions:  Rural nurses experience STS at similar rates as their metropolitan and micropolitan counterparts, indicating that population density may not be a factor related to the development of STS. LA appears to have a positive effect on reducing STS in rural nurses. Clinical Relevance:  The study advanced the understanding of LA and STS among nurses who live and work in different population densities.  The social support within rural health care facilities and communities may play a role in mitigating the effects of indirect stress. Keywords: rural, rural nursing, lack of anonymity, traumatic stressDOI:  https://doi.org/10.14574/ojrnhc.v21i1.651  

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Trauma Processing in the Relationship Between Empathy and Secondary Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Female Professionals Working With Victims of Violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097621
Author(s):  
Nina Ogińska-Bulik ◽  
Zygfryd Juczyński ◽  
Paulina Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cognitive Coping ◽  
Trauma Processing ◽  
Victims Of Violence ◽  
Female Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

One of the negative consequences of indirect trauma exposure is secondary traumatic stress (STS). Professionals helping victims of violence may be at the risk of STS symptoms development. Both empathy and cognitive processing of trauma seem to be important in this process. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between empathy, cognitive processing of trauma and symptoms of STS in women working with people who have experienced violence trauma. The mediation role of cognitive coping strategies in the relationship between empathy and STS was also checked. A total of 154 female professionals representing three groups (therapists, social workers, and probation officers) were included in the study. The age of the respondents ranged from 26 to 67 years ( M = 43.98, SD = 10.83). Three standard measurement tools were included in the study: the modified PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), the Empathic Sensitivity Scale, and the Cognitive Processing of Trauma Scale. Correlational analysis indicated STS to have positive associations (Pearson’s correlation coefficients) with all three aspects of empathy, and three of the five cognitive coping strategies (denial, regret, downward comparison). Mediation analysis performed by the bootstrapping method found strategies of regret and downward comparison to act as mediators in the relationship between STS and empathic concern. The same results were obtained for perspective taking. In addition, the regret and denial strategies mediated the relationship between personal distress and STS. Empathy and cognitive trauma processing may play an important role in STS symptoms development. Preventive programs for professionals helping trauma victims should focus on cognitive processing of trauma and empathy.

Variability in Grouping in the Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Macropus giganteus I. Group Density and Group Size

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Southwell
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Spatial Dispersion ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Forest Habitat ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Grey Kangaroo ◽  
Group Density ◽  
The Relationship

The effects of season, population density and habitat on group density and group size in the eastern grey kangaroo were examined. In an open forest habitat, both group density and group size increased significantly with population density, but no seasonal variation was detected for either parameter. The relationship with population density was logarithmic for group density and exponential for group size. In a tall shrubland habitat both group density and group size increased with population density, but the range of population densities sampled was too narrow for the nature of the relationships to be determined. Group density was significantly higher, and group size significantly lower, in the tall shrubland than in the open forest. Possible reasons for this difference in spatial dispersion between habitats are discussed.

scholarly journals Variation in space and time: a long-term examination of density-dependent dispersal in a woodland rodent

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon T. Denomme-Brown ◽  
Karl Cottenie ◽  
J. Bruce Falls ◽  
E. Ann Falls ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

AbstractDispersal is a fundamental ecological process that can be affected by population density, yet studies report contrasting effects of density on propensity to disperse. Additionally, the relationship between dispersal and density is seldom examined using densities measured at different spatial scales or over extensive time-series. We used 51-years of trapping data to examine how dispersal by wild deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) was affected by changes in both local and regional population densities. We examined these patterns over both the entire time-series and also in ten-year shifting windows to determine whether the nature and strength of the relationship changed through time. Probability of dispersal decreased with increased local and regional population density, and the negative effect of local density on dispersal was more pronounced in years with low regional densities. Additionally, the strength of negative density-dependent dispersal changed through time, ranging from very strong in some decades to absent in other periods of the study. Finally, while females were less likely to disperse, female dispersal was more density-dependent than male dispersal. Our study shows that the relationship between density and dispersal is not temporally static and that investigations of density-dependent dispersal should consider both local and regional population densities.

scholarly journals Secondary traumatic stress in social workersSosyal hizmet uzmanlarında ikincil travmatik stres

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Çalık Var ◽  
Ayşin Çetinkaya Büyükbodur
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Mental Health Centers ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mental Health Centers ◽  
Vulnerable Individual ◽  
Client System

Social workers work with children, with disabilities, with the elderly, with families. In short, with all client systems in the individuals and groups with harmed capacities to cope with the life challenges, in hospitals, community mental health centers, prisons, justice palaces and various social service organizations.Such a study requires that the vulnerable individual, the family and the groups to listen to the  life events that cause trauma, to observe the life of the application system, to ask for sadness witness and help, and all these are inevitably absorbed by social workers.As a result of the interaction with the client system and the issue emerge secondary traumatic stress, which represents a similar pattern to posttraumatic stress disorder.Secondary traumatic stress; is described as traumatization associated with emotions and behaviors that arise as a result of learn client’s trauma knowledge and want to help clients who have suffered trauma experience or life difficulties. The purpose of this study is to examine the secondary traumatic stresses and dimensions in the context of the interaction of the social worker client system with the social work perspective on the factors that are effective in the emergence of secondary traumatic stress.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetSosyal hizmet uzmanlarıyaşamsal zorluklarla baş etme kapasiteleri zarar görmüş birey ve gruplar ile hastanelerde, toplum ruh sağlığı merkezlerinde, ceza evlerinde, adalet saraylarında ve çeşitli sosyal hizmet kuruluşlarında çocuklarla, engellilerle, yaşlılarla, ailelerle kısacası tüm müracaatçı sistemleri ile çalışmaktadırlar. Böyle bir çalışma savunmasız durumda bulunan birey, aile ve grupların karşılaştıkları travmaya neden olan yaşam olaylarının dinlenmesini, müracaatı sisteminin yaşamını gözlemlemeyi, üzüntüye tanıklığı ve yardım etme istencini gerektirir ve bütün bunlar sosyal hizmet uzmanları tarafından kaçınılmaz bir biçimde absorbe edilmektedir.Müracaatçı sistemi ve sorun ile etkileşim neticesinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu’na benzer bir yapıyı temsil eden ikincil travmatik stres ortaya çıkmaktadır. İkincil travmatik stres; travma öyküsü bulunan ya da yaşadığı yaşam zorlukları sebebi ile acı çeken müracaatçıların bilgisine hakim olma ve onlara yardım etmeyi istemenin sonucunda ortaya çıkan duygularla ve davranışlarla ilişkili travmatizasyon olarak açıklanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sosyal hizmet uzmanı müracaatçı sisteminin etkileşimi bağlamında, ikincil travmatik stres ve boyutlarını, ikincil travmatik stresin ortaya çıkmasında etkili olan faktörleri sosyal hizmet perspektifi ile incelemektir.

scholarly journals Secondary traumatic stress in Norwegian SUD-therapists: Symptoms and related factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 522-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayna B Johansen ◽  
Eva Kristiansen ◽  
Ingerid Bjelland ◽  
Shedeh Tavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Traumatic Stress ◽  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Leader Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study examined the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among substance-abuse therapists in relation to burnout, work-related stressors, as well as peer and leader support. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional design examining 383 Norwegian substance-abuse therapists. Electronic surveys were distributed to practitioners in Norway via email and social media. Results: A total 22% of the respondents reported experience of secondary trauma, with the most frequently reported symptoms being flashbacks (13%) and intrusive thoughts (13%). More than 72% of therapists had also been exposed to patient direct threats. Female therapists estimated the level of trauma among their patients as higher than did male therapists. Male therapists (32%) were more likely to report secondary trauma than females (19%). Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of trauma symptoms in substance-abuse therapists, and suggest increased focus on the role of patient direct threats when treating patients with substance-abuse disorder. The study also highlights the need for research that examines variables that interact with gender in predicting STS in therapists treating substance abuse, as well as trauma.

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