Abstract
Women spend relatively more time in indoor conditions in developing countries. Exposure to various indoor air pollutants leads them to higher health risks according to Household air quality in which they reside. Particulate matter (PM) exposure with their exposure duration inside the household plays a significant role in women's Respiratory problems. We measured size segregated particulate matter concentrations in 63 residences at different locations. Respiratory dust depositions (RDDs) for 118 women in their different respiratory regions like head-airway (HD), tracheobronchial (TB), and alveolar (AL) region for the three PM size fractions (PM10, PM2.5 & PM1) were investigated. For different positions like Light exercise and the Sitting condition, RDD values found for AL region was 0.091 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.067, 0.012–0.408) and 0.028 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.021, 0.003–0.126) for PM10, 0.325 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.254, 0.053–1.521) and 0.183 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.143, 0.031–0.857) for PM2.5, 0.257 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.197, 0.043–1.04) and 0.057 µgmin− 1 (SD: 0.044, 0.009–0.233) respectively for PM1 to females. RDDs values in the AL region significantly increases as PM10 (11%), PM2.5 (68%), and PM1 (21%), confirm that for women, the AL region is the most prominent affected zone by fine particles (PM2.5).
Health risks of exposure to air pollutants among students in schools in the vicinities of coal mines
