A comparative assessment of air pollutants of smog in wagah border and other sites in Lahore, Pakistan

Smog has become the fifth season of Pakistan especially in Lahore city. Increased level of air pollutants (primary and secondary) are thought to be responsible for the formation of smog in Lahore. Therefore, the current study was carried out for the evaluation of air pollutants (primary and secondary) of smog in Wagah border particularly and other sites (Jail road, Gulburg) Lahore. For this purpose, baseline data on winter smog from March to December on primary and secondary air pollutants and meteorological parameters was collected from Environmental Protection Department and Pakistan Meteorological Department respectively. Devices being used in both departments for analysis of parameters were also studied. Collected data was further statistically analyzed to determine the correlation of parameters with meteorological conditions and was subjected to air quality index. According to results, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were found very high above the NEQS. NOx concentrations were also high above the permissible limits whereas SO2 and O3 were found below the NEQS thus have no roles in smog formation. Air Quality Index (AQI) of pollutants was PM 2.5(86-227), PM 10 (46-332), NOx (26-110), O3 (19-84) and SO2 (10-95). AQI of PM 2.5 remained between moderate to very unhealthy levels. AQI of PM 10 remained between good to hazardous levels. AQI of NOx remained between good to unhealthy for sensitive groups’ levels. AQI of O3 and SO2 remained between good to moderate levels. Pearson correlation showed that every pollutant has a different relation with different or same parameters in different areas. It is concluded from the present study that particulate matter was much more responsible for smog formation. Although NOx also played role in smog formation. So there is need to reduce sources of particulate matter and NOx specifically in order to reduce smog formation in Lahore.

Investigating the effect of an open window vs. a closed window on the concentrations of suspended particulate matter in the indoors with respect to the outdoors

A study was conducted to see the effect of an opened window vs. a closed window in New Delhi in peak winters. This is the time when the PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations are the highest in the ambient air due to various external factors. A PM 2.5 and PM 10 air quality meter was used at a singular location near the window for 10 days with 9 readings taken during the daily working hours. Contrary to the possible conjectural belief, it was found that the window opened or closed did not have a substantial effect on the concentrations of the indoor levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10. The results showed that opening of the windows does not substantially affect the levels of the indoors with respect to the levels of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in the outdoors. Outdoors may provide the source of the particulate matter in the indoor, but due to diffusive effect, open windows play a key role in the reducing the indoor levels. This study was reconfirmed with options where the windows were opened and then closed and vice-versa. In all cases, the effect of the outdoor was not visible. To curb indoor particulate matter levels, isolation is not the solution. (200 words)

Measurement of the W boson mass

The W boson mass is measured using proton-proton collision data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb−1 recorded during 2016 by the LHCb experiment. With a simultaneous fit of the muon q/pT distribution of a sample of W → μν decays and the ϕ* distribution of a sample of Z → μμ decays the W boson mass is determined to be$$ {m}_w=80354\pm {23}_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm {10}_{\mathrm{exp}}\pm {17}_{\mathrm{theory}}\pm {9}_{\mathrm{PDF}}\mathrm{MeV}, $$ m w = 80354 ± 23 stat ± 10 exp ± 17 theory ± 9 PDF MeV , where uncertainties correspond to contributions from statistical, experimental systematic, theoretical and parton distribution function sources. This is an average of results based on three recent global parton distribution function sets. The measurement agrees well with the prediction of the global electroweak fit and with previous measurements.

Distribution Pattern of Children with Acute Respiratory Infection during Forest fire at Central Kalimantan Indonesia

Over the past 30 years, forest fire has been one of main ecological issues in Indonesia. Human-caused deforestation was accused to be the reason behind this matter, apart from the drastic changing in global climate. Palangkaraya is one of the citiesaffected by haze of the forest fire in 2015; considered to be the worst year of forest fire with the value of PM10 was above the normal threshold. As the impact to the community wellbeing, the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in October 2015was increasing especially in children. The research aimed to analyse the spatial distribution of children with ARI in October 2015 at Palangkaraya City. Data onARI number were collected from Primary Care under Public Health Office of Palangkaraya City. The PM 10 value was collected bythe Environmental Agency of Palangkaraya City. The spatial analyse method was conducted using theAverage Nearest Neighbour (ANN) method. The result shows that the number of ANN ratio is 0.761801. It means that the distribution pattern of children with ARI in Central Kalimantan during the forest fire in October 2015 was in cluster form. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21(1) 2022 Page : 171-174

Surveillance on Emission of Herbal Woods and Cow Dung for Refinement of Atmosphere with Vedic Mantra

Earth's atmosphere is made of two gases Nitrogen and Oxygen. Five major air pollutants are Ground level Ozone, Airborne particles or aerosols, Carbon monoxide, Sulfur dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide. Air pollutants risky to human health are Ground level Ozone and Aerosols. They are the main ingredients of Smog . The ground level ozone is formed when sunlight reacts with certain chemical emissions like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane These chemicals are emitted from industrial waste, car exhaust, gasoline vapors etc. Air quality is measured with the Air Quality Index. An AQI under 50 is considered as good air quality however as the AQI number increases , it becomes a concern for human health . Researcher measured the PM level (PM 2.5 and PM 10), temperature, Humidity and other related parameters continuously on different woods in different times in a fixed size room and constrained environment to establish that Yagya is a reliable source to reduce environment pollution .

A Study of PM 10, PM 2.5 Concentrations in the Atmospheric Air in Kraków, Poland

The air in Kraków is one of the most polluted in Europe. Polish standards for notification and alert levels for PM10 particulate matterare one of the the highest in Europe and exceed the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for safe daily concentrations by several times. The article presents the results of airborne dust measurements in three districts of Kraków. The study hasshown that the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter exceeded the annual average permissible levels. Empirical measurements of PM2.5 show significantly higher air pollution values than the data notified by stationary monitoring stations installed intwo locations. The high value of Pearson linear correlation coefficient confirms that weather conditions have a significant impact on airquality in Kraków. Wind speed in the autumn and winter seasons has by far the greatest influence on air quality in al. Krasińskiego,in the Ruczaj and Kurdwanów districts. A strong negative correlation was displayed. Manual measurements should be used to verifydata obtained from air monitoring stations. It is to be expected that, in Kraków, air purity will improve due to the implementation ofan anti-smog resolution and subsidies for the replacement of obsolete heating systems with more environmentally friendly solutions.

Identifying Air Pollution As a Major Threat to Newly Grown Ecotourism Spot in Baranti, Purulia, West Bengal, India

Air pollution is a notable worldwide warning to human health. Every year, air pollution is accountable for more than five million death, out of these 91% occur in lower-middle-income countries. In addition to this, various respiratory & cardiovascular diseases, lower productivity and increased mortality are also related to air pollution, that’s why it’s often called a silent or invisible killer. However, Ecotourism generates opportunities for tourists wishing to enjoy the natural environment without destructing or disturbing its habitats. It is increasingly considered instrumental in helping the local socio-economic sustainable development and also as a means for generating revenues with the object of preserving the local traditional culture and craft. Environmental ambient quality must be considered as a crucial aspect in the predetermining process of prospective tourists and tourism destinations. The present study site Baranti, in Raghunathpur subdivision of Purulia district, West Bengal, India is situated in a splendid location within Baranti Lake and Baranti Hill, both has emerged as a fast-grown ecotourism spot over the last 7-8 years. The present study was carried out through survey questionnaire method from May 2020 (01.05.2020) - November 2020 (30.11.2020) on different categories of respondents like local people, hotel-resort owners & staff, local businessmen and tourists and simultaneously during this period, the air quality was also measured in respect of temperature, humidity, PM 2.5, PM 10, particles and CO2 through Temtop M2000C Air Quality Monitor at the said site. In the observation, ambient air quality was measured at three hours intervals on a day every week and 10 readings were taken from each site at a distance of 10 meters apart and the mean values were considered for statistical analyses. It was found that average PM 2.5, PM 10 & CO2 in ambient air in the study site were 64.26 ug/m3, 89.43 ug/m3 & 701.66 respectively therefore unexpectedly the ambient air is not only polluted but also moderate to unhealthy in respect of the said parameters as judged by the yardstick of Air Quality Guideline Levels laid down by the WHO. A well-defined management plan is required for controlling and minimising the said pollution with the interference of the Government and other agencies for the sustainable growth and development of the said ecotourism spot.

СЕЗОННАЯ ДИНАМИКА СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ В ТВЕРДЫХ ЧАСТИЦАХ АЭРОЗОЛЕЙ ВОЗДУХА МАЛЫХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫХ В ЗОНЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ «ВОСТОЧНОГО» СЛЕДА РАДИОАКТИВНЫХ ВЫПАДЕНИЙ СЕМИПАЛАТИНСКОГО ИСПЫТАТЕЛЬНОГО ПОЛИГОНА

Ссылка для цитирования Сезонная динамика содержания химических элементов в твердых частицах аэрозолей воздуха малых населенных пунктов, расположенных в зоне влияния «Восточного» следа радиоактивных выпадений Семипалатинского испытательного полигона / А.Е. Темиржанова, Е.Г. Язиков, М.Т. Дюсембаева, Е.З. Шакенов, Н.Ж. Мухамедияров, А.Ж. Ташекова, Г.М. Есильканов, В.В. Колбин, М.А. Умаров // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2021. – Т. 332. – № 12. – С. 189-199. Актуальность данной работы обусловлена тем, что возникает вопрос о проведении исследований для выявления содержания химических элементов по одному из основных следов «Восточный» Семипалатинского испытательного полигона и прилегающих к нему территории, включая некоторые малые населенные пункты, посредством изучения твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха. На примере сел Долонь, Бескарагай и Канонерка изучение элементного состава твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха даст наиболее полную картину о качестве воздуха малых населённых пунктов со схожими климатическими условиями. Данные населенные пункты расположены в следе «Восточный», недалеко от условно обозначенных границ Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. Среди них особо актуальным вопросом является изучение качественного состава атмосферного воздуха непосредственно самого полигона и прилегающих к нему зон. Особый интерес среди них вызывает химический состав твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха (PM-2,5 – Particulate matter – твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха с диметром менее 2,5 мкм, PM-10 – Particulate matter – твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха с диметром менее 10 мкм, TSP-Total suspended particles – Общие взвешенные частицы), содержащих радиоактивные элементы и тяжелые металлы. Взвешенные вещества размером менее 10 мкм распространяются на большие расстояния и являются потенциальными загрязнителями основных компонентов природы. Цель: определить источники поступления химических элементов в атмосферу населенных пунктов, в зоне воздействия «Восточного» следа радиоактивных выпадений, прилегающей к территории Семипалатинского испытательного полигона, на примере сел Долонь, Бескарагай и Канонерка, а также оценить качество атмосферного воздуха. Объекты: твердые частицы аэрозолей воздуха, почва. Методы. Пробы проанализированы методами масс-спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (МС-ИСП), атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой (АЭС-ИСП) и сканирующей электронной микроскопии; проведены процедуры внутреннего контроля качества (сравнение результатов, полученных различными способами анализа); статистическая обработка результатов анализа основных исследуемых компонентов природной среды; сезонная динамика распределения содержания элементов в твердых частицах аэрозолей воздуха исследуемых малых населенных пунктов. Результаты. Изучен химический состав (элементный) твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха размером 2,5 мкм, а также почвы малых населенных пунктов. Выявлена сезонная динамика распределения концентраций исследуемых групп химических элементов. Анализ сезонного изменения химического состава аэрозолей воздуха позволил выявить их источники поступления. Превышения ПДК среднесуточного содержания нормируемых химических элементов в составе твердых частиц аэрозолей воздуха не обнаружено.

Air quality assessment and pollution forecasting using artificial neural networks in Metropolitan Lima-Peru

The prediction of air pollution is of great importance in highly populated areas because it directly impacts both the management of the city’s economic activity and the health of its inhabitants. This work evaluates and predicts the Spatio-temporal behavior of air quality in Metropolitan Lima, Peru, using artificial neural networks. The conventional feedforward backpropagation known as Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and the Recurrent Artificial Neural network known as Long Short-Term Memory networks (LSTM) were implemented for the hourly prediction of $$\hbox {PM}_{10}$$ PM 10 based on the past values of this pollutant and three meteorological variables obtained from five monitoring stations. The models were validated using two schemes: The Hold-Out and the Blocked-Nested Cross-Validation (BNCV). The simulation results show that periods of moderate $$\hbox {PM}_{10}$$ PM 10 concentration are predicted with high precision. Whereas, for periods of high contamination, the performance of both models, the MLP and LSTM, were diminished. On the other hand, the prediction performance improved slightly when the models were trained and validated with the BNCV scheme. The simulation results showed that the models obtained a good performance for the CDM, CRB, and SMP monitoring stations, characterized by a moderate to low level of contamination. However, the results show the difficulty of predicting this contaminant in those stations that present critical contamination episodes, such as ATE and HCH. In conclusion, the LSTM recurrent artificial neural networks with BNCV adapt more precisely to critical pollution episodes and have better predictability performance for this type of environmental data.

PROTOTYPE SISTEM PEMANTAU KUALITAS UDARA BERBASIS RASPBERRY PI

Particulate Matter adalah zat polusi udara yang berada di sekitar manusia baik di dalam ruangan maupun di luar ruangan.. Manusia tidak dapat melihat ataupun mengetahui kadar partikel polusi di udara serta kualitas udara tanpa alat bantu. Maka dari itu dibuat prototype “Sistem Pemantau Kualitas Udara Berbasis Raspberry Pi”. Sistem ini terdiri dari alat, yang dapat mengetahui kadar polusi di udara tertutama PM 2.5 dan PM 10 dan untuk mendeteksi kondisi lingkungan sekitarnya seperti suhu, kelembapan, dan tekanan udara diperlukan beberapa sensor. Untuk pendeteksian PM 2.5 dan PM 10 digunakan sensor PMS5003 dan untuk pendeteksian kondisi lingkungan menggunakan sensor SHTC3 (suhu dan kelembapan udara) dan LPS22HB (tekanan udara) yang tersedia dalam modul Sense Hat B. Untuk proses pembacaan menggunakan Raspberry Pi yang diprogram menggunakan Python dan data akan diproses menjadi Indeks Kualitas Udara berbasis “Indeks Standar Polutan”. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian spesifikasi input. Pada pengujian spesifikasi input terjadi kesesuaian antara trend Indeks Kualitas Udara berdasarkan lokasi dan waktu pengambilan data.