scholarly journals Technical note: Development of DNA quantitation and STR typing systems for Panthera tigris species determination and individual identification in forensic casework

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Daniel Vaněk ◽  
Edvard Ehler ◽  
Lenka Vaňková
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
Dna Quantitation ◽  
Dna Profiles

The aim of this technical note is to provide an overview of methodical approaches used to develop molecular systems for species determination/DNA quantification called Ptig Qplex and individual identification called Ptig STRplex of Panthera tigris samples. Both systems will help to combat the illegal trade of endangered species and create a worldwide shared database of DNA profiles.

A novel 13‐plex STR typing system for individual identification and parentage testing of donkeys ( Equus asinus )

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Dang ◽  
S. Shang ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
Y. Yu ◽  
D. M. Irwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Identification ◽  
Str Typing ◽  
Parentage Testing ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
Typing System

scholarly journals Polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers for forensic individual identification and parentage analyses of seven threatened species of parrots (family Psittacidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Jan ◽  
Luca Fumagalli
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dna Microsatellite ◽  
Dna Microsatellite Markers

The parrot family represents one of the bird group with the largest number of endangered species, as a result of habitat destruction and illegal trade. This illicit traffic involves the smuggling of eggs and animals, and the laundering through captive breeding facilities of wild-caught animals. Despite the huge potential of wildlife DNA forensics to determine with conclusive evidence illegal trade, current usage of DNA profiling approaches in parrots has been limited by the lack of suitable molecular markers specifically developed for the focal species and by low cross-species polymorphism. In this study, we isolated DNA microsatellite markers in seven parrot species threatened with extinction (Amazona brasiliensis,A. oratrix,A. pretrei,A. rhodocorytha,Anodorhynchus leari,Ara rubrogenysandPrimolius couloni). From an enriched genomic library followed by 454 pyrosequencing, we characterized a total of 106 polymorphic microsatellite markers (mostly tetranucleotides) in the seven species and tested them across an average number of 19 individuals per species. The mean number of alleles per species and across loci varied from 6.4 to 8.3, with the mean observed heterozygosities ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. Identity and parentage exclusion probabilities were highly discriminatory. The high variability displayed by these microsatellite loci demonstrates their potential utility to perform individual genotyping and parentage analyses, in order to develop a DNA testing framework to determine illegal traffic in these threatened species.

The Growing Role of Genetic Professionals in Forensic DNA

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Dna Typing ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Bar Code ◽  
Genomic Polymorphism ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
Dna Profiles

AbstractThrough the last decade there was an enormous revolution in the field of forensic genetic.The Author reviews some of the methodologies used in the definitions of DNA profiling tackling the principles of recombinant DNA techniques. The potentiality of polymorphic DNA fragments in vertebrates is focused as well as the revolution implied in forensic medicine. The resource to DNA-DNA hybridization combined to oligonucleotide probes is emphasized leading to the production of an individual bar code with the resource of genomic polymorphism which leads to a pattern known as genetic fingerprinting. Other techniques for individual identification and paternity testing are focused as well as the use of short tandem repeats (STR's). Mitochondrial DNA sequencing use to complement nuclear DNA typing may also be profitable in certain instances. Relevant problems within the context of the use of these techniques in forensic medicine and law suits are discussed. Final considerations viewing the resource to DNA technology within the scope of the last two decades are referred regarding the resource to DNA profiles not only in the US but in Europe in general and in Portugal in special having lead to compensation and uncover of justice errors.

scholarly journals Tiger (Panthera tigris) scent DNA: a valuable conservation tool for individual identification and population monitoring

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Caragiulo ◽  
Rob Stuart Alexander Pickles ◽  
Joseph Alexander Smith ◽  
Olutolani Smith ◽  
John Goodrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Panthera Tigris

Low volume PCR (LV-PCR) for STR typing of forensic casework samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 1288 ◽  
pp. 645-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Proff ◽  
M.A. Rothschild ◽  
P.M. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Str Typing ◽  
Forensic Casework ◽  
Low Volume

scholarly journals Forensic Analysis in Wildlife Crime Cases: Microscopy, DNA Profiling and Isotope Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Sahajpal ◽  
Sudhanshu Mishra ◽  
Deepika Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wildlife Crime ◽  
Illegal Wildlife Trade ◽  
Wildlife Forensics

Illegal wildlife trade is one of the biggest threats to the environment and biodiversity. The growing volume of illegal trade in wildlife jeopardizes all the conservation efforts across the globe. Many species have become extinct due to the illegal wildlife trade and many have reached the verge of extinction. According to some estimates, the monetary values of the illegal wildlife trade are estimated to be several billion US dollars. To deal with wildlife crime cases, it becomes imperative to have a sound knowledge of the techniques required in the analysis of wildlife crime exhibits. In this chapter, we have outlined the three frequently used techniques in wildlife forensics viz. microscopy, DNA and isotope analysis for addressing the problems of species and individual identification, and additionally identification of the geographical origin of a wildlife sample. The basic essentials of these techniques have been discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals Autosomal STR Profiling and Databanking in Malaysia: Current Status and Future Prospects

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Hashom Mohd Hakim ◽  
Hussein Omar Khan ◽  
Japareng Lalung ◽  
Bryan Raveen Nelson ◽  
Geoffrey Keith Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Weight Of Evidence ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Forensic Dna Analysis ◽  
Dna Profiles

Science and technology are extensively used in criminal investigation. From the mid- to late-1980s, one of the scientific discoveries that has had a particularly remarkable impact on this field has been the use of highly variable DNA sequence regions (minisatellites) in the human genome for individual identification. The technique was initially referred to as DNA fingerprinting, but is now more widely referred to as DNA profiling. Since then, many new developments have occurred within this area of science. These include the introduction of new genetic markers (microsatellites also known as short tandem repeats/STRs), the use of the polymerase chain reaction for target amplification, the development of DNA databases (databanking), and the advancement and/or improvement of genotyping protocols and technologies. In 2019, we described the progress of DNA profiling and DNA databanking in Malaysia for the first time. This report included information on DNA analysis regulations and legislation, STR genotyping protocols, database management, and accreditation status. Here, we provide an update on the performance of our DNA databank (numbers of DNA profiles and hits) plus the technical issues associated with correctly assigning the weight of evidence for DNA profiles in an ethnically diverse population, and the potential application of rapid DNA testing in the country. A total of 116,534 DNA profiles were obtained and stored in the Forensic DNA Databank of Malaysia (FDDM) by 2019, having increased from 70,570 in 2017. The number of hits increased by more than three-fold in just two years, where 17 and 69 hits between the DNA profiles stored in the FDDM and those from crime scenes, suspects, detainees, drug users, convicts, missing persons, or volunteers were recorded in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Forensic DNA analysis and databanking are thus progressing well in Malaysia and have already contributed to many criminal investigations. However, several other issues are discussed here, including the need for STR population data for uncharacterized population groups, and pilot trials for adopting rapid DNA profiling technology. These aspects should be considered by policy makers and law enforcement agencies in order to increase the reliability and efficiency of DNA profiling in criminal cases and in kinship analysis in Malaysia.

Effect of sample age and season of collection on the reliability of microsatellite genotyping of faecal DNA

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine P. Piggott
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Faecal Dna ◽  
Microsatellite Genotyping ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Sample Age ◽  
Dna Profiles

Individual identification of animals from DNA in field-collected faecal samples is becoming an increasingly important tool in wildlife population monitoring. A major issue relevant to the application of this technique is the reliability of the genotypes obtained. I investigated the effect of sample age and season of collection on amplification rates and reliability of microsatellite genotypes amplified from faecal DNA of a marsupial herbivore, the brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) and a eutherian carnivore, the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Comparison of DNA profiles from 1 day to 6 months for both species suggests that as the age of the faeces increases there is less good-quality DNA present on the surface of the faeces, resulting in significantly decreasing amplification rates and increasing genotyping error rates over time. No microsatellite PCR products were obtained from samples older than 3 months from any faecal DNA extract in either season. For both species, faeces collected during the summer trial yielded high-quality DNA for up to one week. Faeces collected in winter had significantly lower amplification rates and higher genotyping errors than the summer-collected samples. Computer simulations were used to estimate the probability of obtaining false genotypes when genotyping faecal samples of various ages. These revealed that three replicates is sufficient to prevent identification of false individuals for P. penicillata from faeces up to one week old in both summer and winter but more replicates may be required for older samples, particularly in winter. In contrast, up to eight replicates may be required for fox faeces collected in winter, particularly if more than one week old. These results also suggest that it is difficult to visually identify faecal age for V. vulpes, and any study using fox faeces would need to account for the likely inclusion of older faeces in a field collection. For P. penicillata, faecal age could be accurately assessed, particularly when less than one week old and targeting faeces that match the two most reliable appearance classes described here would be an efficient sampling strategy. It is recommended that the appropriate PCR replication protocol for any given study should be tailored to the error rates expected for the oldest samples likely to be collected. This study is the first to thoroughly investigate the effects of sample age and season of collection on microsatellite genotyping from faecal samples and provides guidelines for sampling and PCR repetition strategies for field-based non-invasive DNA studies.

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