Rich and Balanced Experiences of Daily Emotions Are Associated With Activity Diversity Across Adulthood

We examined whether the diversity of daily activities (“activity diversity”) is associated with the diversity of daily emotions (“emodiversity”) and if the association differs by age. Two samples of adults from the Midlife in the United States Study provided activity and emotion data for eight days. Greater activity diversity was associated with greater positive and negative emodiversity in each sample. Age moderated the association between activity diversity and positive emodiversity in an older sample, such that association was stronger for younger adults than for older adults. Results from data combining the two samples revealed that the associations of activity diversity with positive or negative emodiversity were significant when age < 70, 71 years, respectively. Broad and even participation of daily activities may provide more opportunities to experience rich and balanced emotions in adulthood. The weaker associations in older age may suggest the need to promote active lifestyles in later life.

Continuous Use Behavior of Knowledge Payment Platform Based on Edge Computing under Mobile Information System

From 2015 to the end of 2016, the Internet set off a wave of payment for knowledge. Pay-for-knowledge platforms such as Fenda, iGet, and Qianliao went online quickly, and platforms such as Himalaya FM, Zhihu, and Qingting FM gathered to launch paid columns. The number of users increased rapidly, and payment for knowledge was considered to have reached the trend of development. This article aims to study the introduction of edge computing in the mobile information system into the existence and inevitability of the knowledge payment platform; analyze the advantages, dilemmas, and optimization paths of the knowledge payment platform; and try to provide a theoretical reference for promoting its development. This article puts forward an explanation of the related content of mobile edge computing and RFID technology overview, using comparative experiment and behavior analysis methods. The experimental results show that there are 98 people under the age of 18 in the questionnaire, accounting for 19.1% of the total, 201 people aged 18–29, accounting for 39.1% of the total, 142 people aged 30–39, accounting for 27.6% of the total, and 73 people over 40 years old, accounting for 14.2% of the total number. It can be seen from the data that the sample age is mainly concentrated in the 18–29 years old, followed by the 30–39 years old; the sample age is biased towards young people. It has well completed the continuous use behavior analysis of the knowledge payment platform based on edge computing under the mobile information system.

The relationship between sense of coherence and psychopathological symptoms from childhood to early adulthood: a meta-analysis

Sense of coherence (SOC) as the key component of the salutogenesis framework is negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms in adults but also in children and adolescents. Since SOC is conceptualized to develop and stabilize from childhood to early adulthood, these life phases are of critical importance for the salutogenesis concept. Individual studies examining SOC during this life period have yielded heterogeneous effect size estimates. Thus, the current meta-analysis quantified the current state of evidence on the association between SOC and psychopathological symptoms. The random-effects multi-level meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was based on 58 studies (71 samples) comprising 41,577 participants. Weighted mean age of participants was 15.36 years (SD = 3.32) and 51% were female. The mean correlation (r) between SOC and psychopathological symptoms was M(r) = -0.46, z = -12.67, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.53, -0.39]. However, there was substantial heterogeneity between studies after correction of sampling error. Subsequent moderator analyses showed that older sample age was associated with stronger negative relationships and higher internal consistency of SOC measures. Moreover, internalizing symptoms, depressive symptoms, and feelings of loneliness showed a stronger association with SOC than somatic symptoms. Results based on (repeated) cross-sectional data yielded a negative association between SOC and psychopathological symptoms with increasing magnitude from childhood to early adulthood. Future studies need to focus on the longitudinal bidirectional associations between SOC and psychopathological symptoms over the lifespan.

Fungal biodiversity in Arctic paleoecosystems assessed by metabarcoding of lake sedimentary ancient DNA

Fungi are crucial organisms in most ecosystems as they exert ecological key functions and are closely associated with land plants. Fungal community changes may therefore help reveal biodiversity changes in past ecosystems. Lake sediments contain DNA of organisms in the catchment area, which allows reconstructing past biodiversity by using metabarcoding of ancient sedimentary DNA. We developed a novel PCR primer combination for fungal metabarcoding targeting a short amplicon to account for length bias of amplification due to ancient DNA degradation. In-silico PCRs showed higher diversity using this primer combination than using previously established fungal metabarcoding primers. We analyzed existing data from sediment cores from four artic and one boreal lake in Siberia. These cores had been stored for 2-22 years and examined degradation effects of ancient DNA and storage time-related bias in fungal communities. Amplicon size differed between fungal divisions, however, we observed no significant effect of sample age on amplicon length and GC content, suggesting robust results. We also found no indication of post-coring fungal growth during storage distorting ancient fungal communities. Terrestrial soil fungi, including mycorrhizal fungi and saprotrophs, were predominant in all lakes, which supports the use of lake sedimentary ancient DNA for reconstructing terrestrial communities.

The Relationship Between Fear of COVID-19 and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress

The COVID-19 pandemic has had significant effects on public health. Previous studies showed that the fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress. This study aims to compile and meta-analyze the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress among the general population. The studies published between March 2020 and June 2021 were scanned from various databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science [ISI], and SCOPUS). As a result of the literature search, 746 studies were reached, 88 studies were found suitable, and 21 met the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA Version 3.0) and metafor package in R were used for analyses. A strong relationship was observed between the fear of COVID-19 and anxiety ( r = .55, p < .001); there were moderate relationships between the fear of COVID-19 and depression ( r = .34, p < .001) and stress ( r = .44, p < .001). All these relationships were significant. The results showed that the relationships between the fear of COVID-19 and depression, anxiety, and stress had a high level of heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the average of the sample age was a significant predictor of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. However, other covariates (female proportion and culture) were not statistically significant for the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and anxiety. None of these covariates was significant predictors of the relationship between fear of COVID-19 with depression and stress. Although the current meta-analysis has some limitations, the results revealed that the fear of COVID-19 is associated with mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, and stress.

A-2 Mean Arterial Pressure Effects on Hippocampal Volume by Alzheimer’s Disease Risk

Objective Extant literature demonstrates increased risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (ad) and hippocampal degeneration with hypertension. Less is known about blood pressure (BP) and APOE4 effects, and their interaction on hippocampal volume. We hypothesized that the effects of elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) on hippocampal volume would be stronger among those with at least one APOE4 allele. We further hypothesized that MAP effects would be stronger in an ad group than either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or control groups, and stronger in MCI than controls. Methods Participants (N = 965; 46.4% female; 92.9% White; 56.7% MCI, 18.3% ad) were selected from the ad Neuroimaging Initiative database. Inclusion criteria: complete demographics, diagnostic evaluation, APOE genotyping (46.6.% APOE4 positive), BP measurements (mean MAP = 94.55mmg3 (SD = 10.41)), and MRI. Hippocampal volume was quantified using FreeSurfer 5.3 (bilateral mean = 6844.51 mm3 (SD = 1191.68)). The sample age was 72.84 (SD = 7.55) with 16.02 (SD = 2.77) years of education on average. Results Although MAP and APOE4 each significantly accounted for variance in bilateral and each hippocampal volume using a hierarchical multiple quadratic regression, the interaction of MAP and APOE4 did not (see Table). Similarly, while MAP and diagnostic group were each found to significantly account for variance in hippocampal volumes, their interactions did not. Conclusions Results are consistent with previous findings that higher BP negatively impacts hippocampal volume. However, interaction hypotheses were not supported. Therefore, APOE4 and MAP may represent independent mechanisms in ad pathology. However, antihypertensive medication effects, which may mitigate hippocampal atrophy, were not assessed. Future investigations might control medication effects and investigate homogenous versus heterogeneous APOE variants.

Properties of Two-Locus Genealogies and Linkage Disequilibrium in Temporally Structured Samples

Archaeogenetics has been revolutionary, revealing insights into demographic history and recent positive selection in many organisms. However, most studies to date have ignored the non-random association of genetic variants at different loci (i.e., linkage disequilibrium, LD). This may be in part because basic properties of LD in samples from different times are still not well understood. Here, we derive several results for summary statistics of haplotypic variation under a model with time-stratified sampling: 1) The correlation between the number of pairwise differences observed between time-staggered samples (ΠΔt) in models with and without strict population continuity; 2) The product of the LD coeficient, D, between ancient and modern samples, which is a measure of haplotypic similarity between modern and ancient samples; and 3) The expected switch rate in the Li and Stephens haplotype copying model. The latter has implications for genotype imputation and phasing in ancient samples with modern reference panels. Overall, these results provide a characterization of how haplotype patterns are affected by sample age, recombination rates, and population sizes. We expect these results will help guide the interpretation and analysis of haplotype data from ancient and modern samples.

Prevalence of Early Childhood Caries in Southern Italy: An Epidemiological Study

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and oral habits among preschool children from a southern Italian cohort. The survey population consisted of 300 subjects randomly selected among children attending two kindergartens in Catania, Italy. The prevalence of ECC and oral habits were clinically evaluated. During the clinical evaluation, the oral hygiene of children was also assessed. Parents were also interviewed using a brief and simple online questionnaire aimed at investigating eating and oral hygiene habits. The selected sample age ranged between 3 and 5 years. The prevalence of ECC was 9.34%, and the most affected teeth were primary molars. Moreover, the prevalence of oral habits was 44.66%. Only two-thirds of the sample brush their teeth at least once per day. The prevalence of ECC among Sicilian children (9.33%) seems suitable with the rest of the country. The results of the present study evidenced that oral habits showed a high prevalence among preschool children. The level of oral hygiene among preschool children is still not sufficient.

Shortcomings of SARS-CoV-2 genomic metadata

Objective The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted one of the most extensive and expeditious genomic sequencing efforts in history. Each viral genome is accompanied by a set of metadata which supplies important information such as the geographic origin of the sample, age of the host, and the lab at which the sample was sequenced, and is integral to epidemiological efforts and public health direction. Here, we interrogate some shortcomings of metadata within the GISAID database to raise awareness of common errors and inconsistencies that may affect data-driven analyses and provide possible avenues for resolutions. Results Our analysis reveals a startling prevalence of spelling errors and inconsistent naming conventions, which together occur in an estimated ~ 9.8% and ~ 11.6% of “originating lab” and “submitting lab” GISAID metadata entries respectively. We also find numerous ambiguous entries which provide very little information about the actual source of a sample and could easily associate with multiple sources worldwide. Importantly, all of these issues can impair the ability and accuracy of association studies by deceptively causing a group of samples to identify with multiple sources when they truly all identify with one source, or vice versa.