Static compliance checking beyond separation of duty constraints

Background Hypoxemia is common during one-lung ventilation (OLV). Atelectasis contributes to the problem. Biologically variable ventilation (BVV), using microprocessors to reinstitute physiologic variability to respiratory rate and tidal volume, has been shown to be advantageous over conventional monotonous control mode ventilation (CMV) in improving oxygenation during the period of lung reinflation after OLV in an experimental model. Here, using a porcine model, the authors compared BVV with CMV during OLV to assess gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. Methods Eight pigs (25-30 kg) were studied in each of two groups. After induction of anesthesia-tidal volume 12 ml/kg with CMV and surgical intervention-tidal volume was reduced to 9 ml/kg. OLV was initiated with an endobronchial blocker, and the animals were randomly allocated to either continue CMV or switch to BVV for 90 min. After OLV, a recruitment maneuver was undertaken, and both lungs were ventilated for a further 60 min. At predetermined intervals, hemodynamics, respiratory gases (arterial, venous, and end-tidal samples) and mechanics (airway pressures, static and dynamic compliances) were measured. Derived indices (pulmonary vascular resistance, shunt fraction, and dead space ventilation) were calculated. Results By 15 min of OLV, arterial oxygen tension was greater in the BVV group (group x time interaction, P = 0.003), and shunt fraction was lower with BVV from 30 to 90 min (group effect, P = 0.0004). From 60 to 90 min, arterial carbon dioxide tension was lower with BVV (group x time interaction, P = 0.0001) and dead space ventilation was less from 60 to 90 min (group x time interaction, P = 0.0001). Static compliance was greater by 60 min of BVV and remained greater during return to ventilation of both lungs (group effect, P = 0.0001). Conclusions In this model of OLV, BVV resulted in superior gas exchange and respiratory mechanics when compared with CMV. Improved static compliance persisted with restoration of two-lung ventilation.

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Mechanics of respiratory system in healthy anesthetized humans with emphasis on viscoelastic properties

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1993.75.1.132 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 132-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

B. Jonson ◽

L. Beydon ◽

K. Brauer ◽

C. Mansson ◽

S. Valind ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory System ◽

Driving Force ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Elastic Recoil ◽

Inspiratory Flow Rate ◽

Static Compliance ◽

Viscoelastic System ◽

Flow Interruption ◽

In Series ◽

Flow Dependency

The classic model of the respiratory system (RS) is comprised of a Newtonian resistor in series with a capacitor and a viscoelastic unit including a resistor and a capacitor. The flow interruption technique has often been used to study the viscoelastic behavior under constant inspiratory flow rate. To study the viscoelastic behavior of the RS during complete respiratory cycles and to quantify viscoelastic resistance (Rve) and compliance (Cve) under unrestrained conditions, we developed an iterative technique based on a differential equation. We, as others, assumed Rve and Cve to be constant, which concords with volume and flow dependency of model behavior. During inspiration Newtonian resistance (R) was independent of flow and volume. During expiration R increased. Static elastic recoil showed no significant hysteresis. The viscoelastic behavior of the RS was in accordance with the model. The magnitude of Rve was 3.7 +/- 0.7 cmH2O.l-1 x s, i.e., two times R. Cve was 0.23 +/- 0.051 l/cmH2O, i.e., four times static compliance. The viscoelastic time constant, i.e., Cve.Rve, was 0.82 +/- 0.11s. The work dissipated against the viscoelastic system was 0.62 +/- 0.13 cmH2O x 1 for a breath of 0.56 liter, corresponding to 32% of the total energy loss within the RS. Viscoelastic recoil contributed as a driving force during the initial part of expiration.

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BIM quality control based on requirement linked data

International Journal of Architectural Computing ◽

10.1177/14780771211012175 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 147807712110121

Author(s):

Adam Tamas Kovacs ◽

Andras Micsik

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Linked Data ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Holistic Approach ◽

Quality Data ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Data Flow Analysis ◽

Constraint Language ◽

Compliance Checking ◽

Building Project

This article discusses a BIM Quality Control Ecosystem that is based on Requirement Linked Data in order to create a framework where automated BIM compliance checking methods can be widely used. The meaning of requirements is analyzed in a building project context as a basis for data flow analysis: what are the main types of requirements, how they are handled, and what sources they originate from. A literature review has been conducted to find the present development directions in quality checking, besides a market research on present, already widely used solutions. With the conclusions of these research and modern data management theory, the principles of a holistic approach have been defined for quality checking in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. A comparative analysis has been made on current BIM compliance checking solutions according to our review principles. Based on current practice and ongoing research, a state-of-the-art BIM quality control ecosystem is proposed that is open, enables automation, promotes interoperability, and leaves the data governing responsibility at the sources of the requirements. In order to facilitate the flow of requirement and quality data, we propose a model for requirements as Linked Data and provide example for quality checking using Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL). As a result, an opportunity is given for better quality and cheaper BIM design methods to be implemented in the industry.

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Automated team selection and compliance checking in business processes

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Software and System Process - ICSSP 2015 ◽

10.1145/2785592.2785613 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Cristina Cabanillas ◽

Manuel Resinas ◽

Jan Mendling ◽

Antonio Ruiz-Cortés

Keyword(s):

Business Processes ◽

Team Selection ◽

Compliance Checking

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Structural Interface for Automated Compliance Checking

10.5957/smc-2021-069 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erik Arthur Bjorkner

Keyword(s):

Cost Reduction ◽

Design Model ◽

3D Design ◽

Structural Rules ◽

Structural Interface ◽

Compliance Checking ◽

Contract Specification

This paper describes the benefits of cost reduction and improved schedule attainment by adding digitized regulatory structural rules and contract specification requirements to the 3D design model through Knowledge Provisioning.

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