Based on systematic researches on the relationship between the transition of economic development mode and the human resource management innovation in China, Japan and USA during a long period, that is a century, this paper found a periodic feature: with the transition of economic development mode, there is one climax after another of human resource management innovation. The cycle probably evolved once every 25 years or so. In such an interactive process, transition of economic development mode calls for the human resource management innovation, and vice-versa. Especially, the human resource management innovation presents increasingly dominant role. Although this can merely be deemed as a hypothesis in a strict sense, it offers a great deal of implications from the perspective of reference to observe and analyze lots of economic and management phenomena and to look forward to problems related to future development of macro management of enterprises.