Chapter 8 Artificial Languages and Codes

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Languages

Verbal statistical learning: Prior knowledge impacts word identification but not metacognition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Zmuda ◽  
Charlotte Baey ◽  
Paolo Mairano ◽  
Anahita Basirat
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Transitional Probabilities ◽  
Fully Bayesian

It is well-known that individuals can identify novel words in a stream of an artificial language using statistical dependencies. While underlying computations are thought to be similar from one stream to another (e.g. transitional probabilities between syllables), performance are not similar. According to the “linguistic entrenchment” hypothesis, this would be due to the fact that individuals have some prior knowledge regarding co-occurrences of elements in speech which intervene during verbal statistical learning. The focus of previous studies was on task performance. The goal of the current study is to examine the extent to which prior knowledge impacts metacognition (i.e. ability to evaluate one’s own cognitive processes). Participants were exposed to two different artificial languages. Using a fully Bayesian approach, we estimated an unbiased measure of metacognitive efficiency and compared the two languages in terms of task performance and metacognition. While task performance was higher in one of the languages, the metacognitive efficiency was similar in both languages. In addition, a model assuming no correlation between the two languages better accounted for our results compared to a model where correlations were introduced. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the computations which underlie the interaction between input and prior knowledge during verbal statistical learning.

Principles of compiling artificial languages

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (07) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Khayala Mugamat Mursaliyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Artificial Language ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Modern Language ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The explosion of information and the ever-increasing number of international languages make the modern language situation very difficult. The interaction of languages ultimately leads to the creation of international artificial languages that operate in parallel with the world`s languages. The expansion of interlinguistic issues is a natural consequence of the aggravation of the linguistic landscape of the modern world. The modern interlinguistic dialect, which is defined as a field of linguistics that studies international languages and international languages as a means of communication, deals with the importance of overcoming the barrier.The problem of international artificial languages is widely covered in the writings of I.A.Baudouin de Courtenay, V.P.Qrigorev, N.L.Gudskov, E.K.Drezen, A.D.Dulchenko, M.I.Isayev, S.N.Kuznechov, A.D.Melnikov and many other scientists. Key words:the concept of natural language, the concept of artificial language, the degree of artificiality of language, the authenticity of language

Artificial Languages

Science ◽  
1892 ◽  
Vol ns-19 (467) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Languages

scholarly journals Analysis and demonstration: Wallis and Newton on mathematical presentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468
Author(s):  
Abram Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Analysis ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Mathematical Presentation

Emulating the Greek geometers, Newton used synthetic demonstration to present the ground-breaking arguments of the Principia . This paper argues that we can better understand Newton's reasons for using geometry by considering John Wallis's interpretation of synthetic demonstration. Wallis condemned demonstration for failing to explain the mathematical truths it presented. He opposed to it a presentation that combined symbolic analysis with a documented account of discovery. In preferring symbols, Wallis was motivated both by the nascent tradition of symbolic analysis and by contemporary interest in artificial languages. Newton maintained Wallis's characterization of Greek demonstration as adapted to common understanding rather than as strictly elucidating, but he inverted the values Wallis associated with synthesis and analysis. In Newton's new account, synthetic demonstration was preferable precisely because it could address inexpert readers without exposing them to the complications of symbols-based analysis. Newton advanced his arguments on behalf of geometry through portraits of ancient mathematicians: Archimedes and Pythagoras.

A MULTILINGUAL APPROACH TO TASK-ORIENTED MAN-MACHINE DIALOGUE BY VOICE

1988 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 573-588
Author(s):  
PHILIPPE MORIN ◽  
JEAN-PAUL HATON ◽  
JEAN-MARIE PIERREL ◽  
GUENTHER RUSKE ◽  
WALTER WEIGEL
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Electronic Mail ◽  
Dialogue Systems ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Man Machine Dialogue ◽  
Machine Communication ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Multilingual Approach ◽  
Multimedia Interfaces

In the framework of man-machine communication, oral dialogue has a particular place since human speech presents several advantages when used either alone or in multimedia interfaces. The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of research into speech recognition and understanding, but few systems have been defined with a view to managing and understanding an actual man-machine dialogue. The PARTNER system that we describe in this paper proposes a solution in the case of task oriented dialogue with the use of artificial languages. A description of the essential characteristics of dialogue systems is followed by a presentation of the architecture and the principles of the PARTNER system. Finally, we present the most recent results obtained in the oral management of electronic mail in French and German.

The Future of Artificial Languages

The Monist ◽  
1909 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-425
Author(s):  
A. H. Mackinnon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Languages ◽  
The Future
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