On Schematization, Artificial Languages and Subject Closure of a Philosophic and of a Scientific Discourses

Author(s):  
T. Shiyan ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Zmuda ◽  
Charlotte Baey ◽  
Paolo Mairano ◽  
Anahita Basirat

It is well-known that individuals can identify novel words in a stream of an artificial language using statistical dependencies. While underlying computations are thought to be similar from one stream to another (e.g. transitional probabilities between syllables), performance are not similar. According to the “linguistic entrenchment” hypothesis, this would be due to the fact that individuals have some prior knowledge regarding co-occurrences of elements in speech which intervene during verbal statistical learning. The focus of previous studies was on task performance. The goal of the current study is to examine the extent to which prior knowledge impacts metacognition (i.e. ability to evaluate one’s own cognitive processes). Participants were exposed to two different artificial languages. Using a fully Bayesian approach, we estimated an unbiased measure of metacognitive efficiency and compared the two languages in terms of task performance and metacognition. While task performance was higher in one of the languages, the metacognitive efficiency was similar in both languages. In addition, a model assuming no correlation between the two languages better accounted for our results compared to a model where correlations were introduced. We discuss the implications of our findings regarding the computations which underlie the interaction between input and prior knowledge during verbal statistical learning.


2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (07) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Khayala Mugamat Mursaliyeva ◽  

The explosion of information and the ever-increasing number of international languages make the modern language situation very difficult. The interaction of languages ultimately leads to the creation of international artificial languages that operate in parallel with the world`s languages. The expansion of interlinguistic issues is a natural consequence of the aggravation of the linguistic landscape of the modern world. The modern interlinguistic dialect, which is defined as a field of linguistics that studies international languages and international languages as a means of communication, deals with the importance of overcoming the barrier.The problem of international artificial languages is widely covered in the writings of I.A.Baudouin de Courtenay, V.P.Qrigorev, N.L.Gudskov, E.K.Drezen, A.D.Dulchenko, M.I.Isayev, S.N.Kuznechov, A.D.Melnikov and many other scientists. Key words:the concept of natural language, the concept of artificial language, the degree of artificiality of language, the authenticity of language


Science ◽  
1892 ◽  
Vol ns-19 (467) ◽  
pp. 31-32
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Abram Kaplan

Emulating the Greek geometers, Newton used synthetic demonstration to present the ground-breaking arguments of the Principia . This paper argues that we can better understand Newton's reasons for using geometry by considering John Wallis's interpretation of synthetic demonstration. Wallis condemned demonstration for failing to explain the mathematical truths it presented. He opposed to it a presentation that combined symbolic analysis with a documented account of discovery. In preferring symbols, Wallis was motivated both by the nascent tradition of symbolic analysis and by contemporary interest in artificial languages. Newton maintained Wallis's characterization of Greek demonstration as adapted to common understanding rather than as strictly elucidating, but he inverted the values Wallis associated with synthesis and analysis. In Newton's new account, synthetic demonstration was preferable precisely because it could address inexpert readers without exposing them to the complications of symbols-based analysis. Newton advanced his arguments on behalf of geometry through portraits of ancient mathematicians: Archimedes and Pythagoras.


Author(s):  
PHILIPPE MORIN ◽  
JEAN-PAUL HATON ◽  
JEAN-MARIE PIERREL ◽  
GUENTHER RUSKE ◽  
WALTER WEIGEL

In the framework of man-machine communication, oral dialogue has a particular place since human speech presents several advantages when used either alone or in multimedia interfaces. The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of research into speech recognition and understanding, but few systems have been defined with a view to managing and understanding an actual man-machine dialogue. The PARTNER system that we describe in this paper proposes a solution in the case of task oriented dialogue with the use of artificial languages. A description of the essential characteristics of dialogue systems is followed by a presentation of the architecture and the principles of the PARTNER system. Finally, we present the most recent results obtained in the oral management of electronic mail in French and German.


2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Ilma Sawindra Janti

This paper observed the Japanese unique culture that is called omotenashi. It is translated as hospitality. Omotenashi treated toward guests or tourist who visited Japan, it includes treatment to the guests with different cultural and belief background such as Moslem. The Japanese studied for their consumer needs, and finally they want to do omotenashi, by starting to sell halal food not only in a certain shop but also some restaurants which serve halal food and made certification for it. The aim of this paper is to find, why nowadays halal food in Japan can be found easier than before 2010. Japan as a non Moslem country realize that nowadays Moslem tourist are increasing and they has some specification for example in food, thus to do some hospitality or omotenashi, Japanese started to welcoming Moslem tourist by serving halal food. The theory used here are the consumer behavior from Etta Mamang Sangadji and Sopiah. While the theory of omotenashi is from Sato Yoshinobu and Abdulelah Al-alsheikh. This paper was based on limited literatures such as books, online articles from the internet, scientific discourses, including author’s empirical journey when living in Japan (1989-1994, 2007-2017) and faced difficulties in finding halal food. The finding of this paper is that the serving of halal food in some restaurants are increasing in Japan nowadays, because of omotenashi from the Japanese for their Moslem consumer. Omotenashi which Japanese do to all their guests has a big influence for the Moslem tourist.Tulisan ini berisi tentang keunikan omotenashi yang khas Jepang. Secara harafiah omotenashi berarti hospitality atau keramah-tamahan bangsa Jepang. Omotenashi yang diperlakukan terhadap para tamu atau wisatawan yang berkunjung ke Jepang tidak terkecuali terhadap wisatawan dengan latar belakang kepercayaan dan budaya yang berbeda seperti kaum muslim. Bangsa Jepang mempelajari kebutuhan dari konsumen mereka dan akhirnya mereka menerapkan omotenashi dengan mulai menjual makanan halal dan membuatkan sertifikasi untuk itu. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan hasil, mengapa akhir-akhir ini makanan halal dapat lebih mudah ditemukan dibandingkan sebelum tahun 2010an. Jepang sebagai negara non muslim menyadari bahwa akhir-akhir ini wisatawan muslim meningkat dan mereka memiliki beberapa keistimewaan antara lain dalam makanan; oleh sebab itu untuk menyambut tamunya, orang Jepang melakukan omotenashi atau keramah-tamahan dengan cara mulai menyediakan makanan halal bagi wisatawan muslim. Teori yang digunakan adalah consumer behavior dari Etta Mamang Sangadji dan Sopiah. Sementara teori untuk omotenashi dari Sato Yoshinobu dan Abdulelah Al-alsheikh. Tulisan ini berdasarkan pada literature review dari buku, artikel online, scientific discourses, termasuk pengalaman penulis ketika tinggal di Jepang (1989-1994, 2007-2017) dan menemui kesulitan dalam mendapatkan makanan halal. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa meningkatnya penyediaan makanan halal di beberapa restoran di Jepang dewasa ini karena omotenashi dari bangsa Jepang terhadap konsumen muslim mereka. Omotenashi yang diberikan kepada semua tamu yang datang ke Jepang memberikan pengaruh yang besar dalam meningkatkan makanan halal bagi wisatawan muslim.


Author(s):  
OLGA PLIASUN

The given article analyzes various approaches to the interpretation of the category of image in modern humanities and social sciences (e.g. politology, economics, culturology, journalism etc.). However, it is stressed that in terms of linguistics the phenomenon of image is insufficiently researched. Thus, the author notes that in linguistic discourse the category of image should be studied within the framework of a new direction of linguistic studies which is currently at the stage of forming – lingvoimageology. The primary interest of lingvoimageology is the study of linguistic mechanisms of image making. The author comes to the conclusion that in modern scientific discourse lingvoimageology is one of the most topical and promising branches of world neolinguistics.


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