7 Converting and Extending a Historic Fire Station into a Library in Berlin, Germany

Abstract. Geospatial approaches are widely used to organize access and to manage the extinguishing of forest fires globally. Term “transport accessibility” is used in a variety of geographical and economic researches. Assessment of transport accessibility is directly related to the feasibility study to locate the fire stations in a particular region. Location analysis of objects relative to other objects, while taking into account various quantitative and qualitative parameters, is a classical problem solved by geoinformation systems.Present research work is aimed to be used to improve the situation with forest fires in Russia where one of the main asset of operational regional firefighting in the forests is a fire-and-chemical (fire) station. Traditionally station placement is under the responsibility of Russian region to which stations are administratively subordinate. The location of fire station is determined taking into account the species structure of forests, natural fire danger, road infrastructure and some other factors. Irkutsk region, one of the territories with the constant perennial fire danger in the forests, was chosen as a test area.Using this area as a typical example of regional extent, an analysis of fire stations placement then planning the ground movement of fire brigades from a station to the forest fire locations has been carried out. Previously obtained results to create the shortest routes within three-hour accessibility for the fire hazardous seasons 2002&ndash;2017 are used. Russian regulatory documents of the forest industry are applied. Thus, topic of GIS analysis serves as a continuation of the study (http://cepl.rssi.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Podolskaya-E.S.-et.-al..pdf, in Russian) and various aspects of transportation problem are considered on the example of Irkutsk region.We used the following input data: point layer of fire stations, road network (including roads of different classes and forest glades), and archive of forest fires detected using the spectroradiometer MODIS from the Aqua and Terra spacecraft. Additional data were collected from the open regional Internet sources. GIS analysis used ArcGIS ArcMap Desktop extensions such as Network Analyst, Spatial Analyst, and ArcGIS tools like ET GeoWizards (https://www.ian-ko.com/).We have developed and have used a forest fire transport model of ground access by trucks for the Irkutsk region with the spatial arrangement of fire stations, two protection zones and road network. Speed of the forest fire trucks is classified into 5 groups, taking into account the official permissions and road class. Also every segment of road has its attributive data of speed “adjusted” by the elevation value of the ETopo2, an open-access model (https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/etopo2.html). Taking into consideration these relief data allows to decrease the vehicle’s speed in the mountainous conditions.Based on the regional specifics and available data for a fire hazardous season, the following set of evaluation parameters was proposed, namely:<ul><li>Road network: roads existence, length, density, and configuration;</li><li>Spatial distribution of detected forest fires;</li><li>Territory of fire stations servicing.</li></ul>All the listed parameters are interconnected to each other and, in combination, jointly impact the stations ground transport accessibility assessment at the regional level. We have used GIS-analysis methods such as buffering, allocation, and density, as well as geographic and directional distribution. Time frame of analysis is the full fire hazardous season. Undertaken analysis for the forest fires detected within the ground protection zone (archive of 2002&ndash;2017) has shown that the fire stations’ distribution was appropriate. The analysis was based on the assumption that stations had the same weight, geographical and transport location of the stations was reviewed in conjunction to the thematical forestry recommendations. To go further in the GIS analysis some characteristics (work force and technical resources) of the weighted stations could be added.Additional factors of influence can be the location of protected areas with their specific access regime, seasonality of road use, forest fire zoning, forestry boundaries, economic criteria, placement of fire stations in the populated area, etc. It is advisable to conduct a fire stations placement analysis as a preparation event before and after the end of the fire-hazardous season to summarize the effectiveness of actions to extinguish forest fires in the region. Practical results of the study can be used as well to prepare the regional forestry development programs and plans.

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MODELING OF THE OPERATIONAL SITUATION IN THE EXCLUSION ZONE

Scientific bulletin Сivil protection and fire safety ◽

10.33269/nvcz.2020.1.42-51 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 42-51

Author(s):

A Tsyhankov ◽

V Nizhnyk ◽

Y Feshchuk ◽

O Teslenko ◽

Yа Ballo

Keyword(s):

Service Time ◽

Emergency Service ◽

Statistical Data ◽

The State ◽

Empirical Dependence ◽

Exclusion Zone ◽

Fire Station ◽

Service Areas ◽

Normative Response ◽

Definition Of

The urgency of the work is due to the objective dynamics of changes in the level of man-made and natural threats in the exclusion zone and unconditional (compulsory) resettlement, increasing the volume of taskssolved by operational and rescue units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the need for security people who are, work and live in the Exclusion Zone. Potential threats and dangers in the exclusion zone and unconditional (compulsory) resettlement have been identified. The analysis of statistical data on the involvement of fire and rescue equipment for firefighting. The empirical dependence of the involvement offire and rescue equipment of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine on the elimination of fires in the exclusion zone during the year on their number has been established. It was found that most often 4 to 7 units of fire and rescue equipment of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine are involved in extinguishing fires. Based on the processing of numerical analysis of statistical data, the following conclusions were made: 95% of the time during the year, fire and rescue units are on duty (without calls); 438 hours a year put out single fires; Two hours a year, two fires are extinguished simultaneously. The analysis of calls by service time is carried out. It is established that the service time of calls of fire and rescue units in 25% of cases is up to 2 hours and in 22% of cases is 7-8 hours. An assessment of the locations of fire and rescue units and forest posts with the definition of their service areas. As a result of calculations, it was established that to ensure the normative response to fires at existing facilities in the exclusion zone, it is necessary to provide 4 additional locations of forces and means of fire and rescue units, as well as to ensure the functioning of the fire station on the Vector complex.

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Smart Smoke Detector

International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science ◽

10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0301.198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 16-31

Author(s):

Mohamad Syafiq Mohamad Adenan ◽

Athirah Nabihah Mas Erwan ◽

Mohamad Norul Hafiz Muzaffar Alfian

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phones ◽

Smoke Detector ◽

Alarm System ◽

Security Systems ◽

The Past ◽

Fire Station ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Modern System ◽

Long Time ◽

Fire Outbreak

In the past few decades many studies and researches have taken place in order to improve security systems and to increase their level of protection in different fields. One of the major problems that security must deal with is the fire outbreak that can happen in everywhere including houses, schools, factories and many other places, and to avoid that or to minimize the damage caused by fire outbreak an IoT technology is used to control such a kind of risk. IoT is a modern system that consist of sensors and switches connected. In this project we will use temperature sensor known as (Flame sensor) with Arduino device to detect fire outbreak and to measure the amount of heat intensity generated by a fire outbreak or in a specific location in our house, offices and other places. It sometimes takes too much time for the fire station to reach to the fire outbreak location and works on extinguish the fire and so these sensors will work as an early alarm system which will send a notification to our mobile phones if any fire outbreak occurred to let us know the situation clearly and before it’s too late, we act to avoid significant damage in case the fire outbreak was observed after a long time from its outbreak.

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