Methodology for Assessing the Transport Accessibility of Capital Objects in a Megacity Based on Geoinformation Data

Purpose: to present the author's methodology and the test results for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility on the basis of weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow.Methods: the study is based on the application of methods for collecting factual material, its processing, systematic, comparative historical and structural-functional analysis, which were supplemented by multivariate analysis of secondary information using content analysis of existing methods for calculating indicators of transport accessibility of capital objects. The results and conclusions of the research are based on the use of the author's methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private indicators for three housing estates in Moscow. The analysis of a possible set of criteria for assessing transport accessibility of housing estates in Moscow metropolis was carried out on the basis of the use of a geographic information system database GIS NextGIS QGIS.Results: a review of methodological approaches to the calculation of objective quantitative indicators characterizing the transport accessibility of capital objects is carried out; the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of the transport accessibility of residential complexes in Moscow is presented and tested on the basis of weighted normalized private criteria / indicators. The use of the authors’ methodology for calculating integral indicators of transport accessibility based on weighted normalized private criteria / indicators made it possible to calculate the values of indicators of transport accessibility for three housing estates in Moscow, calculate an integrated score for a set of transport accessibility criteria for each housing estate, to give a comparative quantitative assessment of their transport accessibility, to conduct a rating of housing estates in terms of their transport accessibility.Conclusions and Relevance: the presented results of approbation of the author's methodology for calculating the integral indicators of transport accessibility for housing estates in Moscow allow to conduct a comparative and dynamic analysis of housing estates (or larger units) transport accessibility. The results of such an analysis can be applied in order to develop programs for transport infrastructure development of the megacity as a whole, its certain districts and city parts, as well as to assess such programs efciency. The authors see the directions for future research in the defnition and calculation of indicators based on the city dwellers perception of the transport accessibility

Efficiency of Municipal Self-Government Bodies in the Kemerovo Region (Kuzbass)

The author reviewed domestic and foreign publications that feature various methods of assessing the performance of municipal authorities, which is the most important criterion for determining the well-being of population. The article introduces an authentic method that relies on the analysis of performance indicators based on the predominance of the achieved values over the average converted values. The method makes it possible to quantify and interpret the level of the so-called "administrative rationality" of municipal self-government bodies. It converts the values of indicators into coefficients (dominance and achievement), elements, and integral values of efficiency. The transformed values are then systematized in the context of economy (assets, budget, wages, etc.) and social components (transport accessibility, land, population, housing, communal services, etc.). A comparative analysis determined the following effective municipal districts of the Kemerovo region: Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Yaya, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, and Izhmorka. The new method provides a transparent and objective assessment of municipal management.

The "freight frame" model as a method of freight transport traffic urban organization

The paper justifies the use of the "freight frame" as a method of organizing the movement of freight vehicle in large metropolitan areas on the example of Samara city district. The study presents the characteristics of the "freight frame" of major European cities, Kazan and Moscow. A comparative analysis of approaches to the organization of the movement of freight vehicle on the basis of the "freight frame" of Russian cities and cities of foreign countries is carried out. Based on the use of the Yandex.Traffic service, an analysis of the congestion of the main transport highways of the city was carried out, a map of the transport accessibility of the city of Samara was compiled with the calculation of the transport accessibility indices of its districts. To analyze the load of freight transport in the Samara region and the city of Samara, the intensity and composition of the traffic of freight transport on the major streets of the city were calculated using the NETVISION Traffic software and hardware complex, differentiated by months and day time. The result of the analysis allowed to identify the most significant problems of traffic management. On the basis of the used methods of freight traffic analysis, the necessity of implementing the "freight frame" model in the city of Samara was justified. A set of sequential measures is proposed to ensure the step-by-step formation of the freight frame model.

Opportunities for development of elevated electric transport in a large city

Modern large cities include both historically developed central parts and rapidly developing peripheral neighborhoods. Today, transport flows are formed not only by traditional bus, trolleybus, and tram routes, but also by significant fleets of taxis and private vehicles. An increase in traffic load and a shortage of parking spaces significantly reduces the capacity of roads and negatively affects the environmental situation. Ensuring transport accessibility based on the development of underground urban transport, the metro, is accompanied by great labor intensity, time and financial costs. Residents of large cities try to use bicycles, electric scooters, monowheels for intra-city movements. However, in winter in Russia this type of ecological personal transport becomes less accessible. A promising option for the development of public transport for large cities with a significant length of the street network in the absence of the technical possibility of expanding the roadway, can be an elevated electric transport (monorail). Using the example of the city of Samara, where the level of automobilization in 2019 reached 344 cars per 1000 people, the possibilities of developing the transport system of a large city with the inclusion of a monorail transport section in such a system are considered. This innovative solution will improve transport accessibility and reduce the negative impact on the urban environment. The average payback period of the project will be 4.4 years.

Structural and logical model of transport cluster

Background: Transport clustering, being a cooperation of enterprises of the same territory to consolidate resources to improve the quality of transport and logistics services, to improve the quality of infrastructure, to ensure the growth of transport accessibility of the territory, is one of the drivers of economic growth of the territory. Therefore, the question of forming a mechanism for creating a transport cluster (TС) is relevant, the first stage of which is the TLC model. Aim: creation of a structural and logical model of a transport and logistics cluster, the implementation of which will allow the creation of a TC in any territory with a high transport and transit potential. Methods: Based on the research, generalization and analysis of the works of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of transport clustering and regulations, laws and strategic documents, the definitions of the concepts of the components of the TLC were clarified, the main and auxiliary participants of the cluster were identified, their functional relationships were identified, the requirements for the infrastructure of the TC were determined, the effect of the activity of the TC for the participants and for the territory on which the cluster is located was revealed. Results: The result of the study is a structural and logical model of the transport cluster. Conclusions: The obtained structural and logical model of the transport cluster allows the development of transport clustering in the Russian Federation, since it is a universal tool for creating a TC for any territory with a high transport and transit potential

Study of Perceived Accessibility in Daily Travel within the Metropolis

The growth of metropolises and the number of vehicles cruising within their boundaries creates a permanent problem of dissatisfaction with transport accessibility. This study aims to identify the difference between perceived (PA) and objective (OA) transport accessibility. For its implementation, it was necessary: to explore PA between different residential areas and travel modes, reveal the influence of the travel regime on the PA, compare the impact of social-demographic factors on the individuals' PA. The research methodology is based on a large cross-sectional study with 2,275 respondents. A quota sample was used for 12 administrative districts of the Moscow metropolis. The data was processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 20 statistical program to obtain descriptive statistics indicators. Correlation analysis of the respondent's answers to the four items for PA assessment was performed to assess the relationship between the results of the solutions. Next, a synthetic index of PA was calculated and analyzed differences using the integral index PA. The relationship significance was assessed using F-criterion-based one-way ANOVA. The novelty of our study is as follows: it contributes to previous research on the possibility of measuring perceived affordability in metropolitan areas and benchmarking OA and RA. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01316 Full Text: PDF

APPROACHES TO ASSESSING TRANSPORT ACCESSIBILITY IN MEGACITIES: APPLYING GEOMARKETING TECHNIQUES

The article is devoted to the issues of modeling the accessibility of public transport and the formation of its criteria by using geographic information systems (GIS). The paper presents an analysis of the relationship between transport development and the development of large cities. The article analyzes the world and domestic experience of using transport availability indices in urban planning policy: public transport accessibility indices; a model of transit-oriented development, examples of its practical application in various cities worldwide. Based on the study of a number of methods based on objective and subjective assessments of the level of transport accessibility, it was concluded that there is currently no universal methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the transport accessibility in megalopolises (objective and perceived). The modern possibilities of solving the tasks set by geomarketing technology based on the use of big data are identified. The practical significance of the results obtained by the authors is due to the possibility of forming, on the basis of the studied methods, a system for analyzing the transport accessibility of capital objects in Moscow, differentiating the level of transport accessibility for different groups of the population.