8 Grave Goods and Burial Typologies: Funerary Customs in Ravenna

2020 ◽  
pp. 211-258
Keyword(s):  
Funerary Customs ◽  
Grave Goods

scholarly journals Grobovi tipa Mala Kopašnica – Sase: narativ o kontinuitetu

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Tatjana Cvjetićanin
Keyword(s):  
Roman Domination ◽  
Population Characteristic ◽  
Burial Practices ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
General Similarity ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Funerary Customs ◽  
Grave Goods

The graves with cremated burials labelled as Mala Kopašnica – Sase type, supposedly covering more than 70% of registered burials in Moesia Superior, are considered to be an autochthonous form, associated to pre-Roman population, characteristic for the Moesian-Dacian region from 1st to 3rd centuries, rarely spanning to the beginning of 4th century. The general similarity of burial form and relative homogeneity of grave goods are taken as arguments in the interpretation of the key concept of continuity of the prehistoric practices, but as well of unchanged burial practices and continuity of funerary customs lasting at least two centuries of the Roman domination, its cultural superiority, and visible transformation of local identities as a result of systemic and standardized Romanization, and finally, of identification of the autochthonous population of Moesia Superior as actors of this practice. The paper discusses the necropolis Gomilice near Guberevac, the only systematically investigated one in the area of Roman imperial mines at Kosmaj, with domineering burial type of Mala Kopašnica – Sase, as the starting point in reconsidering the current interpretation of this type of burial.

Iron Age and Roman Enclosed Settlement at Winchester Road, Basingstoke

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-97
Author(s):  
Richard Massey ◽  
Matt Nichol ◽  
Dana Challinor ◽  
Sharon Clough ◽  
Matilda Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Field Boundary ◽  
Crop Processing ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
Grave Goods

Excavation in Area 1 identified an enclosed settlement of Middle–Late Iron Age and Early Roman date, which included a roundhouse gully and deep storage pits with complex fills. A group of undated four-post structures, situated in the east of Area 1, appeared to represent a specialised area of storage or crop processing of probable Middle Iron Age date. A sequence of re-cutting and reorganisation of ditches and boundaries in the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period was followed, possibly after a considerable hiatus, by a phase of later Roman activity, Late Iron Age reorganisation appeared to be associated with the abandonment of a roundhouse, and a number of structured pit deposits may also relate to this period of change. Seven Late Iron Age cremation burials were associated with a contemporary boundary ditch which crossed Area 1. Two partly-exposed, L-shaped ditches may represent a later Roman phase of enclosed settlement and a slight shift in settlement focus. An isolated inhumation burial within the northern margins of Area 1 was tentatively dated by grave goods to the Early Saxon period.<br/> Area 2 contained a possible trackway and field boundary ditches, of which one was of confirmed Late Iron Age/Early Roman date. A short posthole alignment in Area 2 was undated, and may be an earlier prehistoric feature.

Roman lamp from the Ἀρχέπολις workshop and other late antique lamps from Burial House 1/2007 in the Harbour Necropolis of Ephesos

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-334
Author(s):  
Marina Ugarković
Keyword(s):  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Customer Demand ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Grave Goods

The article presents ceramic lamps discovered during the 2007 rescue excavation conducted in Burial House 1/2007 in the Roman and late antique Harbour Necropolis of Ephesos, located north of the harbour channel. An imported Roman lamp of probable Cypriot origin, with the first instance of an 'Aρχεπόλεως signature coming from Ephesos, is given special attention among the grave goods from Grave 3. It depicts Hercules dragging Cerberus from the Underworld. Other finds represent imported and local late antique arts and crafts. Some of these may have been used in the context of Ephesian burial rites, most conceivably as lighting devices, contributing thus to a better understanding of local crafts and customer demand.

Children’s Lives and Deaths in Merovingian Gaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
Émilie Perez
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
New Method ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Grave Goods

The role of children in Merovingian society has long been downplayed, and the study of their graves and bones has long been neglected. However, during the past fifteen years, archaeologists have shown growing interest in the place of children in Merovingian society. Nonetheless, this research has not been without challenges linked to the nature of the biological and material remains. Recent analysis of 315 children’s graves from four Merovingian cemeteries in northern Gaul (sixth to seventh centuries) allows us to understand the modalities of burial ritual for children. A new method for classifying children into social age groups shows that the type, quality, quantity, and diversity of grave goods were directly correlated with the age of the deceased. They increased from the age of eight and particularly around the time of puberty. This study discusses the role of age and gender in the construction and expression of social identity during childhood in the Merovingian period.

The Vikings in Ireland: longphuirt and legacy

Antiquity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (353) ◽  
pp. 1390-1392
Author(s):  
Julian D. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Royal Irish Academy ◽  
Major Task ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Grave Goods

Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland is the longawaited outcome of the Irish Viking Graves Project, which ran from 1999–2005. The project originated at a conference held in Dublin in 1995, at which the limited understanding of Viking burials was identified as a significant shortcoming of the Irish archaeological record. Stephen Harrison was appointed as Research Assistant, and began the major task of making sense of the antiquarian records of the Royal Irish Academy. The primary aim of this work was the creation of the first accurate and comprehensive catalogue of all Viking graves and grave-goods in Ireland. With this volume, that aim has been handsomely achieved.

RADIOCARBON DATING OF A LATE ANTIQUE NECROPOLIS FROM FELANITX (MALLORCA, BALEARIC ISLANDS)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
C Mas Florit ◽  
M Á Cau Ontiveros ◽  
M Van Strydonck ◽  
M Boudin ◽  
F Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grave Goods

ABSTRACT The excavation of a building in the village of Felanitx in the eastern part of the island of Mallorca (Balearic Islands) has revealed the existence of a small necropolis. The inhumations did not provide grave goods except for a bronze belt buckle for which the typological study suggests a Late Antique chronology. The stratigraphical sequence however seems to suggest a possible evolution of the space across time since some graves are cut by others. In order to obtain an absolute date for the necropolis and to verify if there are chronological differences between the graves, a total of 6 human bones samples have been 14C dated by AMS. The results of the radiocarbon dating confirm a Late Antique chronology (4th to 7th century AD) for the graves but do not suggest a chronological evolution. Despite the fact that the knowledge of the necropolis is still fragmentary, the results are extremely important because they provide an absolute date for a Late Antique necropolis in the Mallorcan rural area.

Two Han tombs at Tushantun Cemetery in Qingdao, Shandong

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Han Dynasty ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Cultural Heritage Conservation ◽  
Qingdao City ◽  
Eastern Han ◽  
Physical Materials ◽  
Grave Goods

Abstract In April and May 2011, Qingdao Municipal Institute of Cultural Heritage Conservation and Archaeology and Huangdao District Museum excavated the Tushantun Cemetery located in Huangdao District, Qingdao City. The excavation cleared three mounds and recovered seven tombs beneath them. Of these seven tombs, M6 and M8 are vertical shaft stone pit tombs with brick-timber coffin chambers and ramp passages, the burial receptacles of which are nested double-coffin and double-coffin chamber, and the grave goods unearthed from which include bronzes, jades, lacquered wares, pottery and porcelain wares and implements made of bone and horn (turtle scute). The types and styles of the tombs and grave goods all show that the dates of these two tombs are the late Western Han to the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The excavation of these tombs provided important physical materials for the studies on the burial system, geography and material culture in the coastal area of southeastern Shandong during the Han Dynasty.

Sugar-Loaf Shield Bosses

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera I. Evison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
General Term ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Thick Coating ◽  
Grave Goods

The description Zuckerhut has been used in German publications to distinguish the tall shield bosses of the eighth century which have certain variations in form but remain constant in being unusually tall in proportion to their width. The term is taken from the shape of the clay mould in which, as late as the end of the nineteenth century, sugar was left to drain and set, the walls of the resulting sugar-loaves being usually slightly convex, rising to a point. ‘Sugar-loaf’ is therefore used here as a general term for the whole species of shield boss of tall proportions, but more specifically for the high, curved cone. The straight-sided cone may be more properly referred to as conical. Some of these have been noticed in England, and as they begin at the end of the pagan period when grave goods are sparse, it seemed likely that a study of them with their associated finds and relations overseas might provide a useful contribution to this part of Saxon chronology. It must be remembered that examination of shield bosses of this period is often made difficult by a thick coating of rust with other accretions, but the inside is sometimes less affected and yields more information. Although every effort has been made towards accuracy, it is possible that details may have been missed which might become visible after cleaning, but a number of the bosses are so fragmentary that further treatment would not seem to be advisable.

A gold diadem from Aegina

1987 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Reynold Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
British Museum ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Middle Helladic ◽  
Dead Man ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Grave Goods

A recent discovery on the island of Aegina by Professor H. Walter (University of Salzburg) throws a new light on the origins of the so-called Aegina Treasure in the British Museum.In 1982 the Austrians were excavating the Bronze Age settlement on Cape Kolonna, to the north-west of Aegina town. Immediately to the east of the ruined Temple of Apollo, and close to the South Gate of the prehistoric Lower Town, they found an unrobbed shaft grave containing the burial of a warrior. The gravegoods (now exhibited in the splendid new Museum on the Kolonna site) included a bronze sword with a gold and ivory hilt, three bronze daggers, one with gold fittings, a bronze spear-head, arrowheads of obsidian, boar's tusks from a helmet, and fragments of a gold diadem (plate Va). The grave also contained Middle Minoan, Middle Cycladic, and Middle Helladic (Mattpainted) pottery. The pottery and the location of the grave in association with the ‘Ninth City’ combine to give a date for the burial of about 1700 BC; and the richness of the grave-goods would suggest that the dead man was a king.

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