Ecological-Geobotanical Evaluation of Potential of Soil-Vegetation Cover of Pastures in Shirvan (Azerbaijan)

Data on a new method of ecological-geobotanical evaluation of the soil and vegetation cover of Shirvan in Azerbaijan, developed for the first time on the basis of data on soil evaluation, their ecological assessment and the state of natural plant population characteristic of this territory have been shown in the paper. The soil-vegetation cover of Shirvan was grouped according to the ecological-geobotanical evaluative indicators and 4 groups were identified based on the data of the ecological-geobotanical evaluation. Management is carried out in 3 directions: with application in cultivation, with application in animal husbandry and improvement of social policy and agriculture. Thus, the method of ecological-geobotanical evaluation developed for the first time can be applied to territories with similar soil and vegetation cover throughout Azerbaijan.

Mixed Methods Systematic Review : Kejadian Cabin Fever Selama Pembatasan Sosial Saat Penyebaran Penyakit Sars, Mers Dan Covid-19

Background: SARS, MERS and Covid-19 are the most dangerous viruses among the Human Coronavirus (HCoV). The spreading of those diseases could cause cabin fever due to social restrictions as the control and prevention efforts. This study aims to map the impact of cabin fever during HCoV pandemic by the characteristic population and its causing factors.Methods: A mixed method systematic review was conducted in five databases and its keywords were determined using MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). All articles were assessed after passed the last process (included). There are 11 articles included and 3 of them rated as strong quality. The findings were grouped into themes related to population characteristics and causative factors.Result: The result shows among 4 themes of population characteristic, college student shows more than five symptoms of cabin fever. Out of all the causing factors, quarantine and social distancing shows more than five symptoms of cabin fever.Conclusion: This review proves that cabin fever can occurs during the outbreak, epidemics and pandemics so, psychological treatment in the communities is needed during the spreading of the viruses. The treatment must be right because the symptoms of cabin fever differ according to population and the causes.

Yaroslavl and Yaroslavl land in Latin-language sources of the 15th – 16th centuries

The topic of this article is European Latin-language sources of the 15th – 16th centuries, having their subject distinctive features of Yaroslavl land as well as the events that took place here. During this period Latin played the role of the main tool for the exchange of international information and it was the written language of the scientific community. Therefore, most of the works of foreign travellers of the 15th – 16th centuries including the materials about the Russian state is written in the classical Latin. Some of these works are texts devoted to Yaroslavl land. Information provided in these works make up a significant complex on the history of Yaroslavl land describing various aspects of its life. Depending on the nature of literary activity, interests, goals and methods of receiving information European authors covered topics related to natural and geographical features of the land, they described the economy, trade and other occupation of the population, characteristic features of cities or everyday life of Yaroslavl residents. But most of all foreign authors are naturally interested in the following questions of the history of these territories, their state-political organisation, administrative division, management principles and the religious sphere. Due to the limited Russian sources of the history of Yaroslavl land of this time, the testimonies of foreign authors become particularly significant. The richness of information often makes them extremely valuable.

Genetic and epigenetic factors of caries

Summary. The paper analyzes the literature on the causes of caries, including the most common epigenetic factors, such as poor oral hygiene, adequate or deficient nutrition, the nature of food, biogeochemical and territorial factors, the content of microelements of water and soil, the level of environmental pollution, etc., as well as considering the genetic component, type of blood group, the structure of the hard tissues of the tooth, including a set of genes responsible for the occurrence and development of carious pathology. It was found that in conditions of fluoride and iodine deficiency, environmental factors have a critical role in the formation of the population-characteristic pattern of changes in dental status associated with the prevalence and intensity of caries. However, variations in these indicators may be partly mediated by the influence of genetically associated factors. The results of the analysis allowed to identify opportunities for the formulation of several independent analytical approaches that would help establish the significance of the genetic component in the structure of caries prognosis in terms of interaction with environmental conditions, actually determining how certain environmental factors can influence changes in genetic predisposition to caries. It can be summarized, that all currently available studies of the role of heredity in the risk structure of caries pathology is divided into two broad categories: identification of specific localized changes in genotype and verification of combinations or sets of such changes that can determine caries risk. Key words: caries, caries intensity, caries prevalence, genetics, twins, epigenetics, environment, saliva pH.

Population Characteristic and Genetic Relationship on 25 Bengkulu Heirloom Rice Based on Morpgological Traits

Bengkulu Province has many local rice germplasms that have adapted to specific areas. The germplasm has certain character advantages so that it is maintained by farmers. The characteristics of each germplasm need to be identified in order to improve the properties of the existing germplasm. This study aimed to determine the performance, to estimate the value of genetic parameters, and to determine the genetic relationship of local rice genotypes collected from four districts in Bengkulu Province. The results showed that the ‘Kuning Sulaowangi’ genotype was the earliest in maturity had the highest number of tillers amongst genotypes. Genotypes which have significantly the highest average component yields were ‘Kunig Air Dingin’ and ‘Impera’. Traits that have a high heritability estimated value were weight of 100 grains (91.046%) and grain weight per panicle (80.252%). The weight of 100 grains also has the highest genetic variability value. Thus increasing local rice production is possible. Based on the results of the analysis with the similarity coefficient of 55%, the local rice genotypes could be grouped into two groups. Group I consisted of 9 genotypes namely ‘Kuning Pendek’, ‘Humbur’, ‘Cantik’, ‘Pandak Kelabu’, ‘Cisadane Putih’, ‘Kuning Sulaowangi’, ‘China Abang’, ‘China Putih’ and ‘Impera’. Other genotypes were in Group II. Trait improvement can be done through hybridization between individuals of different groups. To develope early in maturity and high-yielding varieties can be done through hybridization of the ‘Kunig Sulaowangi’ and ‘Kunig Air Dingin’

Species Composition and Length-Weight Relationship of Anguillid Eels Habited in Bengkulu Waters, Indonesia

Management of euryhaline species, such as Anguillid eel, is very important. Anguillid eel is an important economic fish which the partly of its life cycle spent in inland waters then migrates into the ocean for spawning. The objective of this study is to identify the morphological diversity and length-weight relationship of Anguillid eels in this province. The total of 148 individuals of elver and adult Anguillid eels were caught was identified using the comparison of ano-dorsal with total length parameter. Cluster analysis was obtained based on measurement of morphometric parameter. The current work used cluster analysis and dendrogram to group the population characteristic of Anguilla eel. It revealed that in the Jenggalu, Kungkai and Manna rivers of Bengkulu province, there are two groups of Anguilla eel with significant difference of ano-dorsal length. The value of the ano-dorsal varied from 2.56 ± 1.54 and 17.78 ± 1.33 for A.bicolor bicolor and A.marmorata, respectively. The length-weight relationships between total length (TL) and weight (W) for Anguilla bicolor and A.marmorata were found to be highly significant (r2 > 0.94, p < 0.001). The average value of 'b' for length and weight were higher than 3, i.e., 3.2677 and 3.4821 in A.bicolor and A.marmorata respectively which indicated a positive allometric growth trend of this species in the studied area.

PRECISION OF MEASUREMENT AND DIRECTED ASYMMETRY IN LEAF PLATES OF BETULA PENDULA ROTH

The directional asymmetry in the birch leaf plates was studied. For this purpose, ten randomly selected populations were used in the Vladimir region (Russia). The leaf plates were photographed twice, 5 pairs of bilateral-symmetric labels were used and Procrustes analysis of variance carried out. Directional asymmetry testing was carried out at three biosystemic levels (population, individual and leaf plate level). The totality of all populations did not show the presence of directional asymmetry. Biosystemic level – “tree” had a statistically significant directional asymmetry in 4 populations. At the level of “leaf plate” biosystem, directional asymmetry was found in 9 populations among 10. Thus, only one population had a fluctuating asymmetry at all biosystemic levels (p <0.0001). The directional asymmetry of the linear features was checked in the t-test and was statistically significant only in two populations. Thus, directional asymmetry is the usual kind of asymmetry, present in the form of birch leaf plates which are pendant under conditions of normal variability. The described fact related specifically to the leaf plate, as to the unit of measurement. Therefore, in determining the FA and HA of leaf plates, one must keep in mind the possible presence of directional asymmetry as a population characteristic.

KARAKTERISTIK POPULASI UDANG JERBUNG (Penaeus merguiensis de Man, 1888) DI PERAIRAN CILACAP DAN SEKITARNYA

Tingginya permintaan pasar terhadap udang jerbung mengakibatkan aktivitas penangkapannya berlangsung secara terus-menerus sepanjang tahun sehingga mengancam kelestariannya. Penelitian karakteristik populasi merupakan salah satu dasar utama dalam merumuskan pengelolaan menuju pemanfaatannya secara lestari. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik populasi udang jerbung di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Nopember 2013 dengan metode survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata ukuran panjang pertama kali matang kelamin (Lm) udang jerbung di perairan Cilacap dan sekitarnya adalah pada panjang karapas 38,3 mm dan musim pemijahan berlangsung sepanjang tahun dengan puncaknya pada bulan Januari. Laju pertumbuhan udang jerbung jantan adalah 1,00 per tahun dan panjang karapas maksimum (L ) adalah 40,7 mm serta untuk udang betina didapatkan nilai K adalah 1,10 per tahun dan nilai Loo adalah 54,2 mm. Laju kematian total (Z) udang jerbung jantan adalah 2,46 per tahun, laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) dan laju kematian alami (M) masing-masing 1,37 per tahun dan 1,09 per tahun. Untuk udang betina didapatkan nilai Z adalah 1,69 per tahun, nilai F dan nilai M masing-masing 0,61 dan 1,08 per tahun. Laju pengusahaan (E) udang jerbung jantan adalah 0,56 per tahun dan nilai E udang betina adalah 0,36 per tahun. Pola penambahan baru udang jerbung di perairan Cilacap berlansung sepanjang tahun dengan puncaknya pada bulan Maret dan April. Tingkat pemanfaatan udang jerbung jantan sudah berada dalam tahapan overfishing dan perlu dilakukan pengurangan jumlah upaya.High market demand of banana prawn have consequence in fishingactivities which is carried out continuously throughout the year, so that could be threaten of resources sustainability. Scientific advices on the population characteristic are required as an input to support fisheries management. The purpose of the study was to identify population characteristic of the banana prawn with survey method. Study on the population characteristic of banana prawn (P. merguiensis de Man) was conducted in Cilacap and the surrounding waters based on data collected during, January 2013 to November 2013. Result showed that the size at first maturity (Lm) of banana prawn was 38.3 mm in carapace length. The spawning season of banana prawn in Cilacap and the surrounding waters occures throughout the year with the peak in January. The growth parameters of male (K) was 1.0/year with maximum carapace length (L ) of 40.7 mm and K for female was 1.10/year with maximum carapace length of 54,2 mm. Instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) and natural mortality rate (M) of male were 2.46/year and 1.09/year, respectively. While fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) respectively were 1.37/year and 0.56/year. The total mortality (Z) and natural mortality (M) of female respectively were 1.69/year and 1.08/year. Fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (E) were 0.61/ year and 0.36/year. The recruitment pattern of banana prawn in Cilacap and surrounding waters occures throughout the year with two peaks in March and April. The exploitation rate of male of banana prawn fisheries in Cilacap waters was high. It was, therefore, recommended that fishing effort of the banana prawn in that waters should be reduced in the next year.