Measles Induced Death in Eastеrn Europe

Summary The infectious disease of measles is becoming a rarity in the member states of the European Union. After the implementation of the mandatory immunization calendar, cases of measles among children rarely encounter while those that have been registered usually pass lightly and without any significant complications. We present two cases of a measles-type infection with a fatal outcome for two children - 4 and 11 years of age respectively - who had not been immunized by the time of the event and who developed an unfolding clinical picture with the respective complications. In a number of countries in the European Union (as well as within some ethnical groups, the Roma population included), standard-type vaccinations may appear to be problematic. The most frequently encountered complications, resulting from such “blunders”, are pneumonia and encephalitis but controlling the clinical symptoms is not always possible because of: 1) late medical intervention due to the poor knowledge ability of the respective ethnical group (overdue contact with the specialized medical personnel), as well as 2) the superposed bacterial infections which unmask the initial diagnosis. Obtaining a clear picture of the symptoms in such patients is difficult. In the rare cases, when the therapy is rewarded with some success, patients remain partial or permanent invalids because of the irreversible damage to the brain and/or the functions of the lungs.

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Patient Safety Culture in EU Legislation

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare8040410 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 410

Author(s):

Anna Pilarska ◽

Agnieszka Zimmermann ◽

Kamila Piątkowska ◽

Tomasz Jabłoński

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Patient Safety ◽

Safety Culture ◽

Service Providers ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

Patient Safety Culture ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Legal Framework ◽

World Health ◽

The European Union

Patient safety means a condition in which a patient does not suffer any unnecessary actual harm, nor is exposed to any potential harm related to healthcare. The World Health Organization’s recognition of patient safety, as one of the most important factors in determining high quality healthcare, initiated the systematic introduction of changes in the approach to this issue, both globally and on the level of individual healthcare service providers. In order to enhance the quality and ensure the safety of healthcare services provided, national, European Union, and worldwide institutions focus on the introduction of a so-called patient safety culture. The creation of this safety culture would not be possible without the establishment of its legal framework. The purpose of this article is to shed light on the legislative achievements of the European Union within patient safety, taking into consideration acts that summarize the level of implementation of individual recommendations. This study can be useful both for those who focus their scientific interests on the subject of patient safety and those who need concise information on the legislative measures of the Community in this respect, as well as for medical personnel who want to become acquainted with this issue without reading comprehensive legal acts.

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Artificial Hair: By the Dawn to Automatic Biofibre® Hair Implant

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 156-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Roccia ◽

Katlein França ◽

David Castillo ◽

Georgi Tchernev ◽

Uwe Wollina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

European Union ◽

North America ◽

Medical Treatment ◽

Medical Devices ◽

Medical Personnel ◽

The European Union ◽

Restoration Technique ◽

Appropriate Treatment ◽

Improper Use

Since the beginning of the twentieth century, there have been attempts at creating artificial hair to treat baldness. Major evolution took place at the end of 1970’s when, unfortunately, artificial hair treatments were applied without appropriate medical controls, resulting in sub-standard results from the use of unsuitable materials and technique. The large improper use of this technique in North America from no medical personnel and with dangerous fibres led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to suspend the procedure in 1983. In Europe, a new trial on artificial hair procedure started at the beginning of 1990’s.In 1995 the European Union (UE) recognised the artificial hair implant as a legitimate medical treatment and outlined the rules related to that procedure. In 1996, biocompatible fibres (Biofibre®) produced by Medicap® Italy were approved by the UE Authorities and by the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) as medical devices for hair implant. An effective medical protocol was developed during the following years to provide correct guidelines for appropriate treatment, and to reduce possible related complications. Automatic Biofibre® hair implant represents the last achievement in this hair restoration technique with significant advantages for the patients.

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“Do as I Say, Not as I Do”: The European Union, Eastern Europe and Minority Rights

East European Politics and Societies and Cultures ◽

10.1177/0888325403258291 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 682-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Michael Johns

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

The European Union ◽

Data Set ◽

New Members ◽

Roma Population ◽

Language And Culture ◽

National Minorities ◽

Turks In Germany ◽

Minorities At Risk

This article tests the assumption that the European Union has forced the potential new members from Eastern Europe to adhere to standards regarding the treatment of national minorities current member states do not meet. The article examines the treatment of the Russian minorities in Latvia and Estonia and the Roma population in Slovakia compared to the treatment of the Turks in Germany and the Roma in Italy. Using EU accession reports, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) recommendations, and the Minorities at Risk data set, a double standard becomes apparent. The newly democratized states of Eastern Europe are being forced to choose between the economic advantages of membership in the EU and legislation designed to protect the language and culture of the majority group. The article concludes with an examination of the histories of Estonia and Latvia to illustrate why being forced into altering laws concerning culture and citizenship is so difficult.

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Roma heteroidentification in the National Roma Integration Strategies of the European Union countries

Ethnicities ◽

10.1177/1468796820971129 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 146879682097112

Author(s):

Lluís Català-Oltra ◽

Javier Arza-Porras ◽

Daniel La Parra-Casado

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Social Policy ◽

The European Union ◽

Roma Population ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Eu Countries ◽

European Union Countries ◽

Integration Strategies

As part of the EU’s social policy, the National Roma Integration Strategies (NRIS) have been in force until 2020. It was a pending task to systematically observe how these strategies define the Roma population and what element of the definition is prioritised. This is useful in understanding the limits of a unitary policy within the European Union concerning the Roma and also to analyse the orientation of said policies in each country. In this sense, we have previously defined what the Roma heteroidentification components are and we have selected the terms and lexemes that are associated with them. By using content analysis techniques, we have pinpointed the components in the NRIS and we have conducted a statistical analysis with the obtained data. The majority of EU countries define the Roma in their strategies as an ethnocultural, disadvantaged and discriminated group and, to a lesser extent, as foreigners or nomads. This heteroidentification is established based on the geopolitical bloc (East and West) to which the country belongs and the department in charge of the NRIS (mainly social departments or specific departments for minorities).

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