scholarly journals The Role of Supportive Therapy in Pediatric Malignancies

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Erzsébet Papp ◽  
Mária-Adrienne Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Infection Prophylaxis ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma

AbstractChildhood cancer is a major psycho-social and health problem. International study groups establish complex, efficient, and concrete Cytostatic Protocols for every cancer type. During chemotherapy patients become extremely vulnerable to infections, so it is necessary to complete the treatment with blood substitution, anti-infection medication, growth factors and other complementary products.Materials and Methods: We studied the importance of the wide palette of adjuvant therapy near the intensive cytostatic treatment in the period of March 2014-November 2015 at the hemato-oncology department in Pediatric Clinic of Mures County Hospital.Results: In this period we treated 20 children (9 female, 11 male) aged between 9 months-18 years. We had 15 cases of haemopathies (13 acute leukemia and two lymphomas), and five solid tumors. Packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma were given in the aplastic period. A patient benefited, on average, a total of 70ml/kg packed red blood cells and 50 U platelets. For infection prophylaxis and treatment every child benefited associated infective medication.Discussions: Packed red blood cells, platelets, and fresh frozen plasma were given to patients with a deficiency in the ability to produce normal blood cells which are temporarily worsened by chemotherapy. Antibiotic and antifungal medications are given to all febrile and neutropenic patients. We use wide spectrum antibiotics in association for preventing sepsis. Growth factors are stimulating the bone marrow to increase leukocyte number. Since introducing additional immunostimulant medication, we observed a significant decrease of infection in the aplastic period.Conclusions: Oncology protocols use only 3-5 cytostatic drugs. Maintaining the patient’s life during the treatment, it is necessary to use a large spectrum of supportive medications.

Massive Transfusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-180
Author(s):  
Jay Berger
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Massive Transfusion ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Massive transfusion is defined as transfusion of 3 units of packed red blood cells in less than 1 hour in an adult, replacement of more than 1 blood volume in 24 hours, or replacement of more than 50% of blood volume in 3 hours. Massive transfusion protocols are implemented in cases of life-threatening hemorrhage after trauma, during a surgical procedure, or during childbirth. These protocols are intended to minimize the adverse effects of hypovolemia, dilutional anemia, metabolic complications, and coagulopathy with early empiric replacement of blood products and transfusion of fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and packed red blood cells in a composition that approximates that of whole blood.

BLOOD PRODUCTS TRANSFUSION DURING 2012-13 IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Rashid Azeem ◽  
Nadia Altaf ◽  
Syed Humayun Shah ◽  
Naeem Khattack ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Masood Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Background: Blood products transfusion has been a major treatment modality especially in critical care settings. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency and distribution of blood products transfusion in public and private health care facilities during 2012-2013 in Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional, study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Northwest School of Medicine, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2013. Sample size was 2,04,942 blood products transfusion, selected through consecutive non probability technique. All allogeneic cases of transfusions in inpatient and emergency were included. A total of six public, one private and two stand-alone blood banks were enrolled into the study. Demographic variable were name of the health care facility, sex and age groups of donors. Research variables were type of blood products transfusion (whole blood, packed red blood cell, fresh frozen plasma, platelets). All variables being categorical were described as count and percentages. Data was analyzed using software SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 2,04,942 units, 1,33,212 (65%) were men and 71,730 (35%) women. Packed red blood cells were the most commonly used component with 80227 units (39.1%), whole blood 77655 units (37.8%), Fresh frozen plasma 35932 units (17.5%) and platelets 11128 units (5.6%). Blood products transfusion was 46927 units (22.89%) in 65 years. Conclusion: Modal group was men. Packed red blood cells were the most frequently transfused blood component in hospitals of Peshawar especially Lady reading hospital. Most common age group was 18-40 years. Whole blood still comprises a significant fraction of transfusions which is alarming.

Volume of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma is associated with intraoperative hypocalcaemia during large volume intraoperative transfusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Douville ◽  
Ryan Davis ◽  
Elizabeth Jewell ◽  
Douglas A. Colquhoun ◽  
Satya Krishna Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma

scholarly journals Transfusies van bloedproducten bij de hond: een retrospectieve studie

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
M. Boonstra ◽  
F. Mortier ◽  
S. Marynissen ◽  
D. Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Frozen Plasma

De doelstelling van deze studie bestond uit het uitvoeren van een retrospectieve analyse van de transfusies die in het jaar 2018 aan honden werden toegediend in de Kliniek Kleine Huisdieren van de Faculteit Diergeneeskunde in Merelbeke, Universiteit Gent. In totaal werden 87 honden in deze studie ingesloten, die samen een totaal van 140 transfusies hebben gehad. Het aantal transfusies met “packed red blood cells” (n = 85) lag driemaal hoger dan het aantal toedieningen van “fresh frozen plasma” (n = 28) of vers volbloed (n = 27). De meest frequent gestelde diagnose was primaire immuungemedieerde hemolytische anemie en daarnaast lag bij opvallend veel honden, in vergelijking met eerdere studies, coumarine-intoxicatie aan de basis van het uitvoeren van een transfusie met bloedproducten. Transfusiereacties traden op bij 23,2% van de transfusies, waarbij koorts het vaakst werd gezien.

scholarly journals First-line Therapy with Coagulation Factor Concentrates Combined with Point-of-Care Coagulation Testing Is Associated with Decreased Allogeneic Blood Transfusion in Cardiovascular Surgery

2011 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Görlinger ◽  
Daniel Dirkmann ◽  
Alexander A. Hanke ◽  
Markus Kamler ◽  
Eva Kottenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Coagulation Factor Concentrates ◽  
Frozen Plasma

Introduction Blood transfusion is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. We developed and implemented an algorithm for coagulation management in cardiovascular surgery based on first-line administration of coagulation factor concentrates combined with point-of-care thromboelastometry/impedance aggregometry. Methods In a retrospective cohort study including 3,865 patients, we analyzed the incidence of intraoperative allogeneic blood transfusions (primary endpoints) before and after algorithm implementation. Results Following algorithm implementation, the incidence of any allogeneic blood transfusion (52.5 vs. 42.2%; P < 0.0001), packed red blood cells (49.7 vs. 40.4%; P < 0.0001), and fresh frozen plasma (19.4 vs. 1.1%; P < 0.0001) decreased, whereas platelet transfusion increased (10.1 vs. 13.0%; P = 0.0041). Yearly transfusion of packed red blood cells (3,276 vs. 2,959 units; P < 0.0001) and fresh frozen plasma (1986 vs. 102 units; P < 0.0001) decreased, as did the median number of packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma per patient. The incidence of fibrinogen concentrate (3.73 vs. 10.01%; P < 0.0001) and prothrombin complex concentrate administration (4.42 vs. 8.9%; P < 0.0001) increased, as did their amount administered per year (179 vs. 702 g; P = 0.0008 and 162 × 10³ U vs. 388 × 10³ U; P = 0.0184, respectively). Despite a switch from aprotinin to tranexamic acid, an increase in use of dual antiplatelet therapy (2.7 vs. 13.7%; P < 0.0001), patients' age, proportion of females, emergency cases, and more complex surgery, the incidence of massive transfusion [(≥10 units packed red blood cells), (2.5 vs. 1.26%; P = 0.0057)] and unplanned reexploration (4.19 vs. 2.24%; P = 0.0007) decreased. Composite thrombotic/thromboembolic events (3.19 vs. 1.77%; P = 0.0115) decreased, but in-hospital mortality did not change (5.24 vs. 5.22%; P = 0.98). Conclusions First-line administration of coagulation factor concentrates combined with point-of-care testing was associated with decreased incidence of blood transfusion and thrombotic/thromboembolic events.

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