scholarly journals Household saving in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Finlay ◽  
Fiona Price
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Household Saving ◽  
Future Income ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
Migrant Households

AbstractThis paper investigates household saving behavior in Australia, as well as the drivers behind the recent rise in the aggregate household saving ratio. Our results explaining differences in saving behavior across households are consistent with theory and previous findings. As might be expected, households’ saving ratios tend to increase with income, but decrease with wealth and gearing. More at-risk households such as single-parent and migrant households tend to save more than other households, all else being equal. While saving differs substantially across age groups we find that, at least in part, this reflects differing circumstances. Our results suggest that the rise in household saving between 2003/2004 and 2009/2010 was driven by changes in behavior rather than changes in population characteristics: in particular, more educated households, as well as households with high debt and/or wealth increased their propensity to save. Our interpretation of these results is that a reduction in future income growth expectations for more highly educated households after the financial crisis, and an associated effort to rebuild wealth and repay debt, drove to the aggregate rise in household saving.

scholarly journals Mobility Patterns in Different Age Groups in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Small Area Time Series Analysis through March 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Yuta Tanoue ◽  
Daisuke Yoneoka ◽  
Stuart Gilmour ◽  
Takayuki Kawashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Health Care Delivery System ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
The Status

AbstractIn the COVID-19 era, movement restrictions are crucial to slow virus transmission and have been implemented in most parts of the world, including Japan. To find new insights on human mobility and movement restrictions encouraged (but not forced) by the emergency declaration in Japan, we analyzed mobility data at 35 major stations and downtown areas in Japan—each defined as an area overlaid by several 125-meter grids—from September 1, 2019 to March 19, 2021. Data on the total number of unique individuals per hour passing through each area were obtained from Yahoo Japan Corporation (i.e., more than 13,500 data points for each area). We examined the temporal trend in the ratio of the rolling seven-day daily average of the total population to a baseline on January 16, 2020, by ten-year age groups in five time frames. We demonstrated that the degree and trend of mobility decline after the declaration of a state of emergency varies across age groups and even at the subregional level. We demonstrated that monitoring dynamic geographic and temporal mobility information stratified by detailed population characteristics can help guide not only exit strategies from an ongoing emergency declaration, but also initial response strategies before the next possible resurgence. Combining such detailed data with data on vaccination coverage and COVID-19 incidence (including the status of the health care delivery system) can help governments and local authorities develop community-specific mobility restriction policies. This could include strengthening incentives to stay home and raising awareness of cognitive errors that weaken people's resolve to refrain from nonessential movement.

scholarly journals After the Financial Crisis: The Evolution of the Global Income Distribution Between 2008 and 2013

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Income Data ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
China’S Growth

Using the newly created, and in terms of coverage and detail, the most complete household income data from more than 130 countries, the paper analyzes the changes in the global income distribution between 2008 and 2013. This was the period of the global financial crisis and recovery. It is shown that global inequality continued to decline, largely due to China’s growth that explains one-half of global Gini decrease between 2008 and 2013. Income growth of the global top 1 percent slowed significantly. The slowdown is present even after survey data are corrected for the likely underestimation of highest incomes. The paper ends with a discussion of the effects of the financial crisis in the light of an even more serious looming crisis caused by the 2019-20 pandemic. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

scholarly journals Age, period, and cohort effects on infectious disease mortality in Korea, 1983-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H-S Kim ◽  
S J Eun
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cohort Effects ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Disease Mortality

Abstract Background Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide, and constitute a significant burden of disease, even in developed countries including Korea. Although different ages, periods, and cohorts may affect mortality, few studies analyzed the epidemiologic pattern of infectious disease mortality considering these effects. This study aimed to estimate the age-period-cohort effects on infectious disease mortality in Korea. Methods The national death certificate and census mid-year population estimates data from 1983 to 2017 were categorized into 5-year age groups and 5-year periods. Infant deaths were excluded due to incomplete data. Intrinsic estimator regression models were fitted to estimate age-period-cohort effects on infectious disease mortality. Results A J-shaped age effect declined from age 1-4 years (intrinsic estimator coefficient [IEC] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52, 0.85), the lowest at age 20-24 years (IEC -1.68; 95% CI -1.85, -1.51), and then increased with age. The declining trend of period effects was slowed down in 1998-2002 (after the 1997-1998 Asian economic crisis), and turned to an upward trend from 2008-2012 (after the 2008-2009 global financial crisis). The cohort effect increased from the earliest cohort born before 1905 (IEC -1.17, 95% CI -1.35, -0.98), peaked in the 1941-1945 cohort (IEC 1.20, 95% CI 1.10, 1.29), then plateaued out (IEC ranged from 0.93 to 1.10), and has continued to decline since the 1966-1970 cohort in which rapid economic growth began. Conclusions There were clear age, period, and cohort effects on infectious disease mortality in Korea. Through the period and cohort effects, the economic downturn and upturn might have increased or reduced infectious disease mortality, respectively. Recent upward trend in infectious disease mortality after the 2008-2009 financial crisis suggests a need to strengthen prevention and control of infectious diseases. Key messages It is important to consider age-period-cohort effects in identifying the epidemiologic pattern of infectious disease mortality trend and finding its underlying drivers. Economic cycle might have influenced infectious disease mortality through period and cohort effects.

scholarly journals The Global Financial Crisis and Overweight among Children of Single Parents: A Nationwide 10-Year Birth Cohort Study in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichiro Shiba ◽  
Naoki Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
Child Overweight ◽  
Parent Status ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Evidence suggests that socioeconomically disadvantaged children may experience a greater increase in overweight risk during macroeconomic downturns. We examined whether inequalities in the risk of overweight between Japanese children from single- and two-parent households increased after the 2008 global financial crisis. We used data from ten waves (2001 to 2011) of a nationwide longitudinal survey following all Japanese children born within 2 weeks in 2001 (boys: n = 15,417, girls: n = 14,245). Child overweight was defined according to age- and sex-specific cut-offs for Body Mass Index (BMI). Interaction between a binary measure of crisis onset (September 2008) and single-parent status was assessed using generalized estimating equation models. Covariates included baseline household income and income loss during the crisis. Girls from single-parent households showed a greater increase in the odds of overweight after crisis onset (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–1.46) compared to girls from households with two parents, regardless of household financial status. A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed among boys (AOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.92–1.30). Child overweight risk by single-parent status may increase during macroeconomic downturns, at least among girls. Financial aid to single-parent households may not suffice to redress this gap.

Learning in late career stages in Europe – gendered effects of retirement policies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Kirsti Melesk
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Retirement Systems ◽  
Retirement Policies

Abstract Institutional contexts shape learning participation throughout the course of life. Combining micro-data on adult education from 26 European countries with country-level indicators on retirement systems in multi-level logistic regression models, the focus is on analysis of participation in non-formal learning among people aged 50–64 and its interactions with retirement policies. The analysis makes use of the largest sample of European countries used so far for exploring the issue. For the first time, gender differences in retirement policies are considered. The results imply that for all women and highly educated men, participation in non-formal training is higher when retirement age in the country is set at 65 years or higher. However, men with less education do not profit from a higher retirement age because their training participation remains unaffected by retirement policies. In the current analysis, training participation in older age groups remains unaffected by the generosity of pensions. The results outline gender differences in learning participation in older age groups. Also, after the age of 50, men with a low education are at particular risk of labour market exclusion and unemployment because the retirement age in European countries keeps rising and technological advancements make additional demands on workers’ skills.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document