China’s growth will slow in 2022, including exports

Headline CHINA: Growth will slow in 2022, including exports

Zbigniew Brzeziński a John Mearsheimer — dwie wizje rozwoju stosunków chińsko-amerykańskich

The analysis aims to show the differences in the approach to the growth of communist China as perceived by Zbigniew Brzeziński and John Mearsheimer. It shows that the distinctly different attitudes of these thinkers to China’s growth at the beginning of the 21st century were getting closer over time. It happened as a result of the evolving position of Brzeziński, who gradually realized the danger America’s consent and aid in China’s enormous economic leap poses to the United States. That is why, towards the end of his life, Brzeziński began to write about the necessity to include Russia in the political body of the West, on the condition, however, that Vladimir Putin, whose authoritarian rule aims to recreate the fascist experiment in Italy, is removed from power.

Innovation Strategies of Multinational Corporations in China and Their Contribution to the National Ecosystem

For many years, and with great emphasis since 1995, China has followed a technology-and education-led development strategy. Foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) have played an important role in China’s growth, in developing innovations and contributing to the creation of intellectual capital in China. This chapter reviews the role of MNCs in the creation of foreign intellectual capital in China and its transfer to Chinese firms, including incentives and policy implications for indigenous innovation. It also discusses the evolution of MNCs’ research and development (R&D) strategies in China, China’s policies toward attracting foreign intellectual capital, and the changing policy environment.

China’s growth is slowing in an orderly fashion so far

Headline CHINA: Growth is slowing in an orderly fashion so far

Effects of Economic Policy Uncertainty on Manufacturing Structural Upgrading: Evidence from China

Manufacturing is one of the drivers of China’s growth, realizing structural upgrading is vital to achieve high-quality economic development during periods of economic policy uncertainty. Based on firm-level and province-level panel data from 1997 to 2018, this paper used a fixed effect panel data model and panel quantile regression model to investigate the effect of economic policy uncertainty on structural upgrading in manufacturing. The findings indicate that the effect of economic policy uncertainty on structural upgrading in manufacturing is significantly positive and great in regions at advanced stages of manufacturing structure. The discussion about the results suggests that the mechanism of economic policy uncertainty affecting structural upgrading in manufacturing operates through pushing the manufacturing industry to implement service transformation strategies along with vertical integration.

Evaluation of Growth and Nutritional Status of Preschool Children: a Pilot Study in the Cold Area of China

BackgroundThe growth and development of children is influenced not only by heredity but also by environmental factors, including nutrition and temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth and nutritional status of preschool children in Daxing’anling, the coldest region of China.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional survey was performed among preschool children aged 3 to 6 years by stratified cluster sampling in Daxing’anling. The children’s parents completed the questionnaires. Height, body weight and head circumference were measured, and Z scores for weight for height, weight for age, height for age and head circumference for age were evaluated. Anthropometric data were compared with World Health Organization standards and China’s growth references. The levels of vitamin A, E and 25-(OH)-D3 in serum were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography.ResultsA total of 305 children were recruited. The average height of the preschool children was lower than China’s growth reference but higher than the WHO standard. More than half of the preschool children ranged from -1 SD to +1 SD. Both the values of weight for height and of weight for age were positive and higher than the WHO standards (P<0.01), with a significant difference between boys and girls (P<0.01). The incidence of stunting, wasting, and underweight were 4.59%, 2.95% and 2.30%, respectively, although the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high (18.03% and 6.89%, respectively). The rates of vitamin A and D deficiency were 7.54% and 88.85%, respectively. Vitamin A was also positively associated with 25-(OH)-D3.ConclusionsThe growth and nutritional status of preschool children were generally good, although the double burden of malnutrition was observed. Vitamin D deficiency should be paid much attention to. It is necessary and urgent to carry out nutritional interventions for health.

Wang Bing’s Cinematic Journey: A Counter-Narrative of the China Dream

This chapter helps locate the geographical trajectory of Wang’s cinematic activities. It also introduces the broad concept of ‘space’ and its centrality in the discussion. By looking at the shooting locations over a map of China, the investigation of Wang Bing’s cinematic travelogue is set against the ongoing state narrative of the China Dream. This is a slogan that frames China’s rise. The author argues that Wang’s films can be understood as a counter-narrative that shows the less shiny side of China’s growth. They can also be loosely grouped according to different definitions of space: spaces of labour, spaces of history and memory, collective spaces, exhibition spaces, and spaces of human practice. Moreover, without losing their Chinese distinctiveness, the issues at stake in Wang’s films speak to a much larger global experience of marginal spaces and uneven development.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS AMONG BRIC NATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHINA

Since the acronym BRIC was coined in 2001, the world has touted Brazil, Russia, India and China as the emerging superpowers and engines of growth that would supersede the G7 economies and revive the sagging global economy. By 2010, the Big Four accounted for only 25% of the world’s gross national income despite owning over 25% of land area and over 40% of global population. This paper analyzes the global competitiveness of the BRIC nations over 15 years, in three five-year periods, and finds only China has shown stable growth. What then are the secrets to China’s growth and can China maintain growth? This paper then investigates the performance of China’s pillars of competitiveness and identifies the weak pillars, drawing attention to the issues and making recommendations for sustainable growth.