Electrically evoked wrist extensor muscle fatigue throughout repetitive motion as measured by mechanomyography and near-infrared spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Nurul Salwani Mohamad Saadon ◽  
Nur Azah Hamzaid ◽  
Nazirah Hasnan ◽  
Muhammad Afiq Dzulkifli ◽  
Glen M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Repetitive Motion ◽  
Wrist Extensor ◽  
Fatigued Muscle ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

Abstract Repetitive electrically-evoked muscle contraction leads to accelerated muscle fatigue. This study assessed electrically-evoked fatiguing muscle with changes to mechanomyography root mean square percentage (%RMS-MMG) and tissue saturation index (%TSI) in extensor carpi radialis. Forty healthy volunteers (n=40) performed repetitive electrical-evoked wrist extension to fatigue and results were analyzed pre- and post-fatigue, i.e. 50% power output (%PO) drop. Responses of %PO, %TSI and %RMS-MMG were correlated while the relationships between %RMS-MMG and %TSI were investigated using linear regression. The %TSI for both groups were negatively correlated with declining %PO as the ability of the muscle to take up oxygen became limited due to fatigued muscle. The %RMS-MMG behaved in two different patterns post-fatigue against declining %PO whereby; (i) group A showed positive correlation (%RMS-MMG decreased) throughout the session and (ii) group B demonstrated negative correlation (%RMS-MMG increased) with declining %PO until the end of the session. Regression analysis showed %TSI was inversely proportional to %RMS-MMG during post-fatigue in group A. Small gradients in both groups suggested that %TSI was not sensitive to the changes in %RMS-MMG and they were mutually exclusive. Most correlation and regression changed significantly post-fatigue indicating that after fatigue, the condition of muscle had changed mechanically and physiologically.

scholarly journals X-Ray and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Dim X-Ray Point Sources Constituting the Galactic Ridge X-Ray Emission

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Kumiko Morihana ◽  
Masahiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Ken Ebisawa
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nir Imaging ◽  
Group A ◽  
Field L ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
Group B ◽  
Thermal Sources

We present the results of X-ray and Near-Infrared observations of the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (GRXE). We extracted 2,002 X-ray point sources in the <em>Chandra</em> Bulge Field (l =0°.113, b = 1°.424) down to ~10<sup>-14.8</sup> ergscm<sup>-2</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> in 2-8 keV band with the longest observation (900 ks) of the GRXE. Based on X-ray brightness and hardness, we classied the X-ray point sources into three groups: A (hard), B (soft and broad spectrum), and C (soft and peaked spectrum). In order to know populations of the X-ray point sources, we carried out NIR imaging and spectroscopy observation. We identied 11% of X-ray point sources with NIR and extracted NIR spectra for some of them. Based on X-ray and NIR properties, we concluded that non-thermal sources in the group A are mostly active galactic nuclei and the thermal sources are mostly white dwarf binaries such as cataclysmic variables (CVs) and Pre-CVs. We concluded that the group B and C sources are X-ray active stars in flare and quiescence, respectively.

PS01.204: ANASTOMOTIC LEAKS AFTER IVOR-LEWIS ESOPHAGECTOMY: INDOCYANINE GREEN NEAR-INFRERED ANGIOGRAPHY FOR GASTRIC CONDUIT BLOOD SUPPLY EVALUATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Paolo Parise ◽  
Andrea Cossu ◽  
Leonardo Garutti ◽  
Francesco Puccetti ◽  
Ugo Elmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Gastric Conduit ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Ivor Lewis ◽  
Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background Indocyanine Green—Angiography (ICG-A) has been recently introduced for visceral perfusion evaluation. Aim of this study is to assess whether the intraoperative use of ICG-A can improve the evaluation of blood supply of the gastric conduit in Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer. Methods This is an interim analysis of a prospective interventional study ongoing at our Institution, on 160 Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy patients. After an intravenous bolus of ICG during the abdominal and thoracic stage, the gastric conduit perfusion was evaluated by means of a near infrared ICG-A and graded as ‘well’, ‘hypo-perfused’ or ‘ischemic’. If present, the ischemic or hypo-perfused area was resected. Demographic and clinical parameters and others, such as conduit perfusion speed, intra or post-operative hypotensive episodes have been analyzed. Results Currently 26 patients have been enrolled. An anastomotic leak of any grade was identified in 7 patients. Patients were divided in Group A (7 patients) who developed a leak and Group B (19 patients) who do not. No statistically significant differences were evidenced on demographic and preoperative clinical features, except for higher cigarette smoking history incidence in Group A. Those who developed a leak had an ‘hypo-perfused’ conduit at ICG-A in 71.4% and those who do not in only 15.8% (p 0.014). Median time from ICG injection to appearance of fluorescence at the basis of the gastric conduit was significantly longer in Group A than in Group B, 36 sec. (32–43.5) vs 28 sec. (20–39.8) (p 0.04) but median gastric conduit perfusion speed was similar. Patients in Group B had a higher median width of the conduit than Group A, 5cm (5.0–6.0) vs 4 (4.0–5.0) (p 0.032). Post-operative prolonged hypotensive episodes were seen more frequently in Group A than Group B (p 0.028). No differences were evidenced in terms of fluids infusions, blood loss, conduit length or intraoperative hypotensive episodes. Conclusion Preliminary results seem to show the usefulness of ICG-A in identifying patients at risk of leakage. Nevertheless no reduction of leakage incidence was induced by surgical strategy modification, probably because post-operative events may affect clinical course too. Definitive data have to be awaited. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Dynamical Analysis of Sawing Motion Tracks Muscle Fatigue Evolution

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Segala ◽  
David Chelidze ◽  
Deanna Gates ◽  
Jonathan Dingwell
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Repetitive Motion ◽  
Triceps Muscle ◽  
Finite Period ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Smooth Orthogonal Decomposition ◽  
Phase Space Warping

Both for civilian and military applications, tracking and identifying muscle fatigue—usually caused by continuous, repetitive motion over a finite period of time—is of great importance. The muscle fatigue process is very difficult to track due to its hidden nature. Invasive procedures are often needed to measure fatigue. Here, easily obtainable noninvasive kinematic measurements are used to extract muscle fatigue related trends associated with a sawing motion. The methodology is derived from dynamical systems based fatigue identification in engineered systems. Ten right-handed subjects perform sawing motion until voluntary exhaustion. Three sets of joint kinematic angles are measured from the elbow, wrist, and shoulder. Fatigue is identified in two steps: (1) phase space warping based feature vectors are estimated from kinematic time series; and (2) smooth orthogonal decomposition (SOD) is used to extract fatigue related trends from these features. SOD-based trends are compared against independently obtained fatigue markers estimated from the mean and median frequencies of electrography (EMG) signals of individual muscles. SOD-based trends from elbow and shoulder kinematics adequately capature fatigue in the triceps muscle estimated from the EMG measurements. These same kinematic angles show little fatigue information in the flexor/extensor carpi radialis (not directly engaged in sawing motion). The methodology used here shows great potential in tracking individual muscle fatigue evolution using only motion kinematics data.

Histological Study of Resection Arthroplasty with and without Tendon Ball Interposition in Dogs

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. SARDENBERG ◽  
S. S. MÜLLER ◽  
H. R. PEREIRA ◽  
K. I. R. COELHO
Keyword(s):  
Wrist Joint ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Resection Arthroplasty ◽  
Bone Resection ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Ischaemic Necrosis

We studied an experimental model of resection arthroplasty with or without tendon ball interposition in the wrist of dogs. Animals were divided into two groups. Animals in group A were treated by resection of the os carpi radiale with interposition of a ball made from the tendon of the extensor carpi radialis and the group B underwent bone resection alone. Animals were assessed 1, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after operation. In all of them the wrist joint was stable and had good mobility, allowing walking supported by the operated limb. In both groups biological material filled the cavity created by bone resection. A progressive repair process resulted in fibroplasia with areas of fibrocartilaginous metaplasia. The tendon ball showed complete ischaemic necrosis at the end of the first week, which delayed the healing process.

First Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. LIVESEY ◽  
S. H. NORRIS ◽  
R. E. PAGE
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Carpometacarpal Joint ◽  
Longus Tendon ◽  
Surgery Outcome ◽  
Group A ◽  
Palmaris Longus Tendon ◽  
Group B ◽  
Tendon Interposition ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis ◽  
Joint Arthritis

Trapeziectomy followed by reconstruction of the intermetacarpal ligament using a small slip of extensor carpi radialis longus tendon and a wide slip of flexor carpi radialis for tendon interposition (group A) is compared with trapeziectomy followed by palmaris longus tendon interposition (group B). Group A included 11 hands in nine patients. Group B included eight hands in eight patients. Significant pain at the base of the thumb and 1st carpometacarpal joint degeneration were indications for surgery. Outcome was assessed by subjective questioning, objective clinical measurement and radiography. Group A appeared to have a slower recovery but later developed a stronger hand, better dynamic thumb function despite reduced movement and the resting trapezial space was better preserved. Calcification within the trapezial space correlated with better results but this took 3 years to occur. Patients in group B had greater relief of pain and were more consistently satisfied at an early stage.

scholarly journals Clinical Application of Near-infrared Autofluorescence Detection of Parathyroid Glands in Thyroid Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wan ◽  
Juanfang Xu ◽  
Zhengyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Postoperative Hypocalcemia ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Symptomatic Hypocalcemia ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Eye Recognition ◽  
Negative Imaging

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) imaging, nano-carbon negative imaging and conventional naked eye recognition technology in recognizing parathyroid glands during surgery, and to preliminary evaluate the effectiveness, safety and feasibility of NIRAF imaging in the recognition of parathyroid glands. The clinical trials retrospectively analyzed 36 patients, including 12 patients in Group A (NIRAF imaging group),  12 patients in Group B (nano-carbon negative imaging group), and 12 patients in Group C (conventional naked eye recognition group). The number of parathyroid glands recognized during surgery in Group A was more than that in Group B and C. The time taken to recognize parathyroid glands in Group A was shorter than that in Group B and C. There was no significant difference in the average calcium ion levels of the three groups A, B and C before surgery. After surgery, the average calcium ion level of Group A was not significantly different from that of Group B, but it was higher than that of Group C, and the difference was significant. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia in Group A was not significantly different from that in Group B, but it was lower than that in Group C. The incidence of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia in Group A was lower than that in Group B and C. Compared with traditional technology, NIRAF can recognize more parathyroid glands during surgery, take less time, and make the probability of postoperative hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia lower during thyroid surgery. It needs noninvasive and simple operation. It is a kind of safe, effective and feasible parathyroid gland recognition technology, which is worth further exploration. 

Abstract 372: Regional Cerebral Saturation in a Swine Model of Goal-directed Resuscitation of Prolonged Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Genbrugge ◽  
David D Salcido ◽  
Allison C Koller ◽  
Caelie Kern ◽  
James J Menegazzi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Coronary Perfusion ◽  
Fixed Rate ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cerebral Saturation ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The characteristics and limitations of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurement of regional cerebral saturation (rSO2) for reflecting key moment-to-moment physiological changes needed to guide cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have yet to be fully determined. Objective: Examine the impact of NIRS sensor placement and resuscitation process variation on rSO2 measurements during prolonged cardiac arrest. Methods: Thirty mixed-breed domestic pigs (mean weight: 25.0kg+/-2.0) were sedated (ketamine / xylazine), anesthetized (fentanyl), paralyzed (vecuronium) and mechanically ventilated. Micromanometer pressure transducers were placed in the aorta and right atrium via femoral cutdown to measure central pressures, including mean arterial pressure (MAP) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). Two NIRS sensors were placed on the cranium: one on the skin surface and one on the bare skull. Ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically and untreated for 8 minutes followed by CPR. Initial BLS phase: 4 minutes of CPR at 100 compressions per minute (CPM) and 2 inches depth with manual ventilations (30:2). Randomized ALS phase: CPR with a pressor-titrated (Group A) or a compression rate/depth-titrated (Group B) strategy targeting 25mmHg CPP. Group A animals received pressor doses q1min and fixed rate/depth CPR. Group B animals received increasing rates and depth of CPR with epinephrine q3min. Defibrillation was attempted at 6min CPR q2min. rSO2 was compared between skin and skull across phases of resuscitation with t-tests and generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: Mean skin and skull rSO2 differed marginally overall (63.8 vs 62.0, p < 0.001), at baseline (69.9 vs 64.9, p < 0.001), during BLS CPR (56.9 vs 48.7, p < 0.001), during ALS CPR (59.5 vs 51.0, p < 0.001), and following ROSC (70.0 vs 60.5, p<0.001). rSO2 measured on either skull or skin both varied throughout phases of the experiment but not between CPR groups. In GEE models, rSO2 measured on skin or skull was not associated with MAP at baseline, but was directly associated during BLS (coef 0.13; p<0.001) & ALS CPR (coef 0.09; p<0.001), and after ROSC (coef 0.02; p=0.017). Conclusion: rSO2 measures differ between skin and skull though both correlate with MAP.

Hemodynamic Consequences of Internal Iliac Artery Occlusion Following Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair Assessed by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Taudorf ◽  
Henning B. Nielsen ◽  
Michael B. Nielsen ◽  
Torben V. Schroeder ◽  
Lars Lönn
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Internal Iliac Artery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Internal Iliac ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The purpose was to evaluate endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) patients with known gluteal claudication using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and secondly to assess the hemodynamic consequences of occluding one internal iliac artery (IIA) during EVAR. EVAR interventions with occlusion of one IIA were examined. Gluteal claudicants were recruited from the outpatient clinic at their annual EVAR control (Group A; n=7) and a second cohort was collected consecutively and prospectively before and after the intervention (Group B; n=10). A treadmill test (12% incline, 2.4 km/h) with NIRS (INVOS-5100) sensors applied bilaterally on the gluteal regions was performed. NIRS was used to asses muscle oxygenation. NIRS data was divided into baseline, exercise and recovery values. Recovery times and absolute NIRS values (oxygenation) from the two gluteal sides were compared. Mean recovery times (group A) of the occluded and patent sides were 512 sec [73-1207] and 137 sec [0-643] (p=0.046) respectively. Using 240 seconds (suggested by literature) as cut-off the sensitivity and specificity were both 71% for finding the occluded IIA. Group B revealed similar oxygenation level of the two gluteal regions pre EVAR. Post EVAR an overall absolute reduction of the oxygenation were noted and a significant difference in the recovery values of the two gluteal sides (p&lt;0.05). In this explorative study NIRS does show relevant changes of the oxygenation on the gluteal region following occlusion of an IIA in groups of patients. But given the lack of statistical power the efficacy of diagnostic use in individual patients has yet to be proven.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of using ursodeoxycholic acid in reducing incidence of gallstone formation after sleeve gastrectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Saad Ibrahim Elshenawy ◽  
Mohamed Sabry Ammar ◽  
Mahmoud Gamal Eldin Hagag
Keyword(s):  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Saturation Index ◽  
Gall Stone ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
Gall Stones ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Gall Stone Formation

Background: Obese persons are at risk for cholesterol gallstones because of high saturation of cholesterol in their bile. About 75% of gallstones are of cholesterol type. To reduce the risk for gallstone formation, policies of prophylactic cholecystectomy are proposed. However, this is not widely accepted. A routine cholecystectomy during bariatric surgery is recommended by some centers. Ursodeoxycholic acid enhances the conversion of cholesterol to bile acids. It also enhances cholesterol transport as liquid crystals. Furthermore, it has an inhibitory action on the prostaglandins and biliary glycoprotein, which is the possible explanation for its action on decreasing the saturation index. The objective was the effectiveness of using Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) in reducing incidence of gallstone formation after sleeve gastrectomy.Methods: 50 morbid obese patients divided into 2 groups. Group A: 30 patients who received UDCA post-operative. (5 male and 25 female) with mean age 34.8year. Patients had a body mass index (BMI) with mean BMI 46.9kg/m2. Group B: 20 patients without receiving UDCA post-operative. (2 male and 18 female) with mean age 32.9year. Patients had a mean of BMI 47.3kg/m2.Results: Using UDCA has significant role in prophylaxis against development of gall stone formation. Patients who received UDCA developed gall stones by a percentage 0% (0/30) while patients who hadn’t received UDCA developed gall stones by a percentage 4.7% (3/20).Conclusions: The use of UCDA effectively reduced the incidence of gall stone formation after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in patient with morbid obesity.

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

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