In situ Measurements of Cell Wall Components in the Red Alga Solieria chordalis (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) by FTIR Microspectrometry

It has been well established over a number of years that the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of wheat is highly variable. In 1983 and 1987 in Australia two surveys indicated that approximately 25% of wheats have AME values lower than 13 MJ/kg.DM (range 10.4-15.9 MJ/kg.DM). Following recent studies it has been proposed that the soluble non-starch polysaccharide cell-wall components of wheat (mainly arabinoxylan with some G-glucan) have an anti-nitritive activity when wheats are present at high levels in broiler diets and are responsible for the low-AME wheat phenomenon. The main findings supporting this hypothesis are (1) wheat AME values are negatively correlated with soluble non-starch polysaccharide levels, (2) low level addition (30g/kg) of commercially available pur non-starch polysaccharides to broiler diets depresses the AME,of the diets, (3) degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides in situ by addition of glycanases to broiler diets raises AME values, and (4) addition of purified wheat arabinoxylan to broiler diets depresses the AME in a dose-dependant manner. The AME depression is a result of the inhibition of starch, lipid and proteindigestion in the fore-gut. This paper reviews the experiments and the data from the studies and discusses further aspects of the anti-nutritive activity of cereal polysaccharides in broiler diets. The possible role of the gut microflora in the growth depression observed when diets containing high levels of rye, barley and wheat are fed to broiler chickens is also examined.

Download Full-text

Alkali-Treated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa: Composition and In Situ Digestion of Dry Matter and Cell Wall Components

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(90)78924-2 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 73 (9) ◽

pp. 2404-2412 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C.J. Canale ◽

S.M. Abrams ◽

G.A. Varga ◽

L.D. Muller

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Wall Components

Download Full-text

The role of wheat non-starch polysaccharides in broiler nutrition

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9930405 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G Annison

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Wall Components

It has been well established over a number of years that the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of wheat is highly variable. In 1983 and 1987 in Australia two surveys indicated that approximately 25% of wheats have AME values lower than 13 MJ/kg.DM (range 10.4-15.9 MJ/kg.DM). Following recent studies it has been proposed that the soluble non-starch polysaccharide cell-wall components of wheat (mainly arabinoxylan with some G-glucan) have an anti-nitritive activity when wheats are present at high levels in broiler diets and are responsible for the low-AME wheat phenomenon. The main findings supporting this hypothesis are (1) wheat AME values are negatively correlated with soluble non-starch polysaccharide levels, (2) low level addition (30g/kg) of commercially available pur non-starch polysaccharides to broiler diets depresses the AME,of the diets, (3) degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides in situ by addition of glycanases to broiler diets raises AME values, and (4) addition of purified wheat arabinoxylan to broiler diets depresses the AME in a dose-dependant manner. The AME depression is a result of the inhibition of starch, lipid and proteindigestion in the fore-gut. This paper reviews the experiments and the data from the studies and discusses further aspects of the anti-nutritive activity of cereal polysaccharides in broiler diets. The possible role of the gut microflora in the growth depression observed when diets containing high levels of rye, barley and wheat are fed to broiler chickens is also examined.

Download Full-text

Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled birch (Betula platyphylla) and bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) in the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl for HSQC NMR analysis

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.186 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 607-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Chen Qu ◽

Takao Kishimoto ◽

Shinjiro Ogita ◽

Masahiro Hamada ◽

Noriyuki Nakajima

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Betula Platyphylla ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Phyllostachys Nigra ◽

Wall Components

Abstract A method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of whole cell wall components, including lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, was recently developed in our laboratory. The method described for fir (Abies sachalinensis) as a softwood consists of ball-milling of cell wall, dissolution in an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), in situ acetylation, recovery of the material from the solution, and characterization of the product by 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d6. In the present paper, the performance of the method should be tested for a hardwood and a bamboo. Thus, Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla) and hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) have been investigated. Finely ball-milled birch and bamboo materials were completely dissolved in [Bmim]Cl at 100°C without severe chemical modification of the cell wall components. The dissolved cell walls were then subjected to in situ acetylation, and the ball-milled and fully acetylated cell walls were recovered from [Bmim]Cl. Longer ball-milling time was required for birch and bamboo cell walls, because of the lower solubility of acetylated birch and bamboo materials in DMSO-d6compared to the acetylated fir material. However, HSQC NMR experiments were successfully conducted, and the acetylated whole cell wall components in the birch and bamboo could be fully characterized. This method is applicable for the analysis of cell wall components of various plant biomasses without previous isolation. Further studies are necessary to improve the method.

Download Full-text

In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083035 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 434-435

Author(s):

D. Reis ◽

B. Vian ◽

J. C. Roland

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

Download Full-text

Mitogenic Activity of Cell Wall Components from Lactobacillus acidophilus

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho ◽

10.2508/chikusan.64.505 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 505-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masahiro YAMADA ◽

Haruki KITAZAWA ◽

Junko UEMURA ◽

Tadao SAITOH ◽

Takatoshi ITOH

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽

Mitogenic Activity ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Wall Components

Download Full-text

Ibudilast Mitigates Delayed Bone Healing Caused by Lipopolysaccharide by Altering Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1169

Author(s):

Yuhan Chang ◽

Chih-Chien Hu ◽

Ying-Yu Wu ◽

Steve W. N. Ueng ◽

Chih-Hsiang Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Cancellous Bone ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Bone Bridge ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Osteoclast Activity ◽

Wall Components

Bacterial infection in orthopedic surgery is challenging because cell wall components released after bactericidal treatment can alter osteoblast and osteoclast activity and impair fracture stability. However, the precise effects and mechanisms whereby cell wall components impair bone healing are unclear. In this study, we characterized the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on bone healing and osteoclast and osteoblast activity in vitro and in vivo and evaluated the effects of ibudilast, an antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), on LPS-induced changes. In particular, micro-computed tomography was used to reconstruct femoral morphology and analyze callus bone content in a femoral defect mouse model. In the sham-treated group, significant bone bridge and cancellous bone formation were observed after surgery, however, LPS treatment delayed bone bridge and cancellous bone formation. LPS inhibited osteogenic factor-induced MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, calcium deposition, and osteopontin secretion and increased the activity of osteoclast-associated molecules, including cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in vitro. Finally, ibudilast blocked the LPS-induced inhibition of osteoblast activation and activation of osteoclast in vitro and attenuated LPS-induced delayed callus bone formation in vivo. Our results provide a basis for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of bone infection.

Download Full-text