Alkali-Treated Orchardgrass and Alfalfa: Composition and In Situ Digestion of Dry Matter and Cell Wall Components

It has been well established over a number of years that the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of wheat is highly variable. In 1983 and 1987 in Australia two surveys indicated that approximately 25% of wheats have AME values lower than 13 MJ/kg.DM (range 10.4-15.9 MJ/kg.DM). Following recent studies it has been proposed that the soluble non-starch polysaccharide cell-wall components of wheat (mainly arabinoxylan with some G-glucan) have an anti-nitritive activity when wheats are present at high levels in broiler diets and are responsible for the low-AME wheat phenomenon. The main findings supporting this hypothesis are (1) wheat AME values are negatively correlated with soluble non-starch polysaccharide levels, (2) low level addition (30g/kg) of commercially available pur non-starch polysaccharides to broiler diets depresses the AME,of the diets, (3) degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides in situ by addition of glycanases to broiler diets raises AME values, and (4) addition of purified wheat arabinoxylan to broiler diets depresses the AME in a dose-dependant manner. The AME depression is a result of the inhibition of starch, lipid and proteindigestion in the fore-gut. This paper reviews the experiments and the data from the studies and discusses further aspects of the anti-nutritive activity of cereal polysaccharides in broiler diets. The possible role of the gut microflora in the growth depression observed when diets containing high levels of rye, barley and wheat are fed to broiler chickens is also examined.

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Effect of supplementing sheep with oat grain on their intake, digestion, and nitrogen balance when fed chopped carpet grass (Axonopus affinis Chase) hay

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9920163 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

CE Lloyd ◽

HL Davies ◽

Davies H Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Wall Components

The effect of 0, 150, 300 and 450 g/day of oat grain on voluntary consumption, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep offered chopped carpet grass(Axonopus affinis Chase) hay was studied.Carpet grass intake was significantly (P<0.05) decreased at the 2 higher levels of oat grain. The intake of unsupplemented hay was 606 g/day, compared with 410 g at the highest oat intake. Total dry matter intake increased linearly with level of oat supplementation, from 606 to 816 g/day. No associated effects were detected on the digestibility of the hay. Digestibility of the cell wall components decreased at the higher level of oat supplementation.

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Evaluation of sugar cane bagasse subjected to haying and ensiling

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542009000600027 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 1649-1654 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosana Cristina Pereira ◽

Antônio Ricardo Evangelista ◽

Joel Augusto Muniz

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Cane Bagasse ◽

Total Sugar ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Ph Values ◽

Wall Components ◽

Conservation Method

This work aimed to evaluate sugar cane bagasse from cachaça production, subjected to hay-making and ensiling. The experiment was conduced at Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, using the completely random delineation (CRD), with seven treatment and three repetitions. The treatments were constituted of in natura sugar cane bagasse (INB), manually hayed and baled sugar cane bagasse, mechanically hayed and baled, manually baled INB and mechanically baled INB, whole ensiled INB and chopped ensiled INB. Bromatological composition, tampon capacity (TC), pH values and total sugar rate of the INB were evaluated. For the ensilage, there were used cistern silos and for the baling, manual and mechanical balers. The bagasse was baled in natura, or after reaching 89% rate of DM, according to the treatments. The evaluated characteristics were dry matter rate (DM), crude protein (CP), fiber in neutral detergent (FND), fiber in acid detergent (FAD). The results went through variance analyses and the averages were compared by the Scott - Knott test (P<0.05). The INB presented rates of 51.70% of DM; 2% of CP; 79.43% of FND; 48.78% of FAD and 16.4% of total sugar in the MS. The sugar cane bagasse presented low TC and the silage presented satisfactory pH for good conservation. The dehydration followed by the manual baling provided a decrease in the cell wall components, revealing itself as the best bagasse conservation method.

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In situ Measurements of Cell Wall Components in the Red Alga Solieria chordalis (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta) by FTIR Microspectrometry

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/botm.1997.40.1-6.45 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (1-6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Fourneta ◽

E. Ar Gall ◽

E. Deslandes ◽

J.-P. Huvenne ◽

B. Sombret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Red Alga ◽

In Situ Measurements ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Wall Components

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Estimating Losses of Dry Matter from Wetted Alfalfa-Orchardgrass Mixtures Using Cell Wall Components as Internal Markers

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2008.01.0006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 2481-2489 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. K. Coblentz ◽

W. E. Jokela

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Internal Markers ◽

Wall Components

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The role of wheat non-starch polysaccharides in broiler nutrition

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9930405 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G Annison

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Gut Microflora ◽

Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽

Growth Depression ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

Wall Components

It has been well established over a number of years that the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) value of wheat is highly variable. In 1983 and 1987 in Australia two surveys indicated that approximately 25% of wheats have AME values lower than 13 MJ/kg.DM (range 10.4-15.9 MJ/kg.DM). Following recent studies it has been proposed that the soluble non-starch polysaccharide cell-wall components of wheat (mainly arabinoxylan with some G-glucan) have an anti-nitritive activity when wheats are present at high levels in broiler diets and are responsible for the low-AME wheat phenomenon. The main findings supporting this hypothesis are (1) wheat AME values are negatively correlated with soluble non-starch polysaccharide levels, (2) low level addition (30g/kg) of commercially available pur non-starch polysaccharides to broiler diets depresses the AME,of the diets, (3) degradation of the cell wall polysaccharides in situ by addition of glycanases to broiler diets raises AME values, and (4) addition of purified wheat arabinoxylan to broiler diets depresses the AME in a dose-dependant manner. The AME depression is a result of the inhibition of starch, lipid and proteindigestion in the fore-gut. This paper reviews the experiments and the data from the studies and discusses further aspects of the anti-nutritive activity of cereal polysaccharides in broiler diets. The possible role of the gut microflora in the growth depression observed when diets containing high levels of rye, barley and wheat are fed to broiler chickens is also examined.

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Estimating Losses of Dry Matter from Simulated Rainfall on Bermudagrass and Orchardgrass Forages Using Cell Wall Components as Markers

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2004.1680 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1680-1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D. A. Scarbrough ◽

W. K. Coblentz ◽

J. B. Humphry ◽

K. P. Coffey ◽

T. J. Sauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Wall Components

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Dissolution and acetylation of ball-milled birch (Betula platyphylla) and bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) in the ionic liquid [Bmim]Cl for HSQC NMR analysis

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.186 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 607-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Chen Qu ◽

Takao Kishimoto ◽

Shinjiro Ogita ◽

Masahiro Hamada ◽

Noriyuki Nakajima

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ball Milling ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Betula Platyphylla ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Phyllostachys Nigra ◽

Wall Components

Abstract A method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characterization of whole cell wall components, including lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, was recently developed in our laboratory. The method described for fir (Abies sachalinensis) as a softwood consists of ball-milling of cell wall, dissolution in an ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl), in situ acetylation, recovery of the material from the solution, and characterization of the product by 1H-13C correlation heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR spectroscopy in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-d6. In the present paper, the performance of the method should be tested for a hardwood and a bamboo. Thus, Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla) and hachiku bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra) have been investigated. Finely ball-milled birch and bamboo materials were completely dissolved in [Bmim]Cl at 100°C without severe chemical modification of the cell wall components. The dissolved cell walls were then subjected to in situ acetylation, and the ball-milled and fully acetylated cell walls were recovered from [Bmim]Cl. Longer ball-milling time was required for birch and bamboo cell walls, because of the lower solubility of acetylated birch and bamboo materials in DMSO-d6compared to the acetylated fir material. However, HSQC NMR experiments were successfully conducted, and the acetylated whole cell wall components in the birch and bamboo could be fully characterized. This method is applicable for the analysis of cell wall components of various plant biomasses without previous isolation. Further studies are necessary to improve the method.

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In vitro and in vivo polysaccharides assembly: ultrastructural and cytochemical study of growing plant cell wall components.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100083035 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 434-435

Author(s):

D. Reis ◽

B. Vian ◽

J. C. Roland

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Wall Components

Wall morphogenesis in higher plants is a problem still open to controversy. Until now the possibility of a transmembrane control and the involvement of microtubules were mostly envisaged. Self-assembly processes have been observed in the case of walls of Chlamydomonas and bacteria. Spontaneous gelling interactions between xanthan and galactomannan from Ceratonia have been analyzed very recently. The present work provides indications that some processes of spontaneous aggregation could occur in higher plants during the formation and expansion of cell wall.Observations were performed on hypocotyl of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) for which growth characteristics and wall composition have been previously defined.In situ, the walls of actively growing cells (primary walls) show an ordered three-dimensional organization (fig. 1). The wall is typically polylamellate with multifibrillar layers alternately transverse and longitudinal. Between these layers intermediate strata exist in which the orientation of microfibrils progressively rotates. Thus a progressive change in the morphogenetic activity occurs.

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