scholarly journals Russia and the Ukrainian Crisis: A Multiperspective Analysis of Russian Behaviour, by Taking into Account NATO’s and the EU’s Enlargement

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (80) ◽  
pp. 259-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Klotz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Ukrainian Crisis ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Abstract This article will explain why Russia annexed Crimea and is destabilizing eastern Ukraine. To do this, three different theoretical approaches on various levels of analysis will be used. It will be examined how far the expansion of NATO, as well as that of the European Union (Theory of Neorealism), was a motive for Russia’s action. NATO’s enlargement is analysed predominantly. In addition, politicalpsychological motivations of the Russian leadership are considered. But it is also analysed whether Russia’s pure power interests have played a role (Theory of Realism). The focus here is on the Russian naval base in Crimea. It is necessary to examine whether preserving its fleet in the Black Sea was a motive for Moscow to annex the Crimean peninsula.

Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4461 (4) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVUT TURAN ◽  
CÜNEYT KAYA ◽  
MATTHIAS GEIGER ◽  
JÖRG FREYHOF
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
River Drainages ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Barbus anatolicus, new species, is described from the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak River drainages in the southern Black Sea basin. It is distinguished from other Barbus species in the Middle East by having 58–71 total lateral line scales, a moderately ossified last simple dorsal-fin ray, serrated along about 70–80% of its posterior margin, many small irregular shaped black or brown spots, smaller or as large as scales, often forming large, dark-brown blotches on the head, back and flank in adults and juveniles, and a concave posterior dorsal-fin margin. In addition, DNA barcode data reject the hypothesis that it belongs to one of the other species of the B. barbus species group. Barbus bergi from Bulgaria and adjacent Turkey is treated as synonym of B. tauricus. Barbus tauricus was previously believed to be restricted to the Crimean Peninsula but is found to be widespread in the Black Sea basin. 

scholarly journals The seascapes and the use of various anchor systems in the marine farms of The Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Vyalova O.Yu. ◽  
Prygunova I.L.
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Long Line ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Anchor Systems ◽  
Oyster Farms ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Seascape complexes are decisive in choosing of technologies for growing different species of fish and mollusks, as well as in designing and installing farms on the Black Sea shelf. Marine farms, as hydrotechnical installations, play the role of artificial underwater seascapes and have a mutual influence on natural local systems. This article describes the main elements of mussel-oyster farms, the criteria for choosing a location for them, technological solutions of anchor systems, taking into account the peculiarities of the marine seascapes of the Crimean peninsula. In the Black Sea, it is advisable to install farms of the long-line type, which satisfy almost all the requirements for growing mollusks: they are quite stable during strong storms and wind impacts, allow changing the depth of mollusk placement if necessary, and are easy to install and maintain. The depths at the site which was selected for the installation of the marine farm should be in confines 10...30 m, and 15...20 m is the optimal depth for it. The permissible depth must be at least 10 m under the marine farm in consequence. The choice of optimal depths is associated with the need to save materials also. The characteristics, applicability and installation features of several types of anchors (concrete, screw and plow) for grounds of different composition and density are proposed. Promising areas for the development of the Black Sea mariculture are the western and eastern coasts of the Crimean peninsula.

METHODOLOGY FOR STUDYING FOULING IN THE COASTAL WATERS OF THE BLACK SEA AND EXPEDITION RESEARCH IN THE ATLANTIC AND INDIAN OCEANS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.L. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The monograph is devoted to methodological approaches in the study of fouling of various anthropogenic surfaces in the coastal waters of the southwestern shelf of the Crimean Peninsula. Attention is paid to the study of the effectiveness of various antifouling compositions with the complex use of physical, chemical and microbiological methods. The processes of biodegradation in seawater of organic components of various paint and varnish materials as a result of the vital activity of a community of peripheral microorganisms are considered. The possibilities of studying the fouling of various shipbuilding materials and structures in oceanic expedition conditions.

External and Internal Policies of Belarus After Crimea Annexation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Anna Kuleszewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Internal Politics ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

Abstract Within the last few years, significant changes have taken place in the geopolitical and economic spheres of Europe: Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea in the East, and problems inside the European Union (issue of migrants, Brexit) in the West. These changes had their impact on Belarus, a country situated between Russia and the EU. Conflict between Ukraine and Russia shook the Belarusian economy. Belarusian authorities were afraid about unexpected Russian steps towards Minsk and about social unrest against their own authoritarian president. All of this forced Alexander Lukashenko to search for new solutions in his policies. During recent months, it was possible to observe the change of a political discourse with Poland, attempts of a cautious cooperation with Russia (which is still Belarus’ main ally), and a search for new sources of finances and energy suppliers. The present situation is a new challenge for Belarusian authorities and even for foreign observers. For inhabitants of the country, the situation is not comfortable. This article aims to present, based on selected sources, the synthesis of actions that were taken in the external and internal politics by the Belarusian authorities after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.

RUSSIAN ANTI-ACCESS POTENTIAL (A2 / AD) ON THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV ◽  
pp. 0-1
Author(s):  
Patryk Reśkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Security Architecture ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The purpose of the following article is to present the military capabilities of the Russian Federation located on the Crimean peninsula, and to define in this context Russian A2/AD anti-access capabilities and their impact on the security architecture of the Black Sea region, in particular NATO's south-eastern flank

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