A case of congenital brain teratoma extending into the orbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yui Yamasaki ◽  
Yoshiya Miyahara ◽  
Hiroki Morita ◽  
Ichiro Morioka ◽  
Yasuhiko Ebina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fetal Head ◽  
Male Baby ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCongenital tumors arising from the central nervous system are uncommon. A 31-year-old pregnant woman had an uneventful course until 33 weeks of gestation (GW). An ultrasonographic examination at 35 GW first demonstrated an increase in fetal head size. The brain midline shifted to the left side due to the intracranial tumor extending into the orbit in the right hemisphere at 36 GW. The brain teratoma in the fetus was suspected by magnetic resonance imaging of the heterogeneous enhancement and calcification. The male baby was delivered by cesarean section at 36 GW and he had facial dimorphism with right exophthalmos. The tumor volume continued to increase after surgery and the baby died at 123 days of life.

scholarly journals Neurobiology of developmental dyslexia Part 2: A review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the corpus callosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

This paper forms part two of a review of the neurobiology of developmental dyslexia (DD) and here the focus is on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)of the corpus callosum (CC) of dyslexic and non-dyslexic subjects. The CC is a bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and the right hemisphere of the brain. Due to the role of this structure in inter-hemispheric transfer and integration between the hemispheres, the CC is significant in the search for the neurobiological basis of DD. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(1) 39-45)

scholarly journals Neurobiology of developmental dyslexia Part 2: A review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the corpus callosum

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

This paper forms part two of a review of the neurobiology of developmental dyslexia (DD) and here the focus is on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the corpus callosum (CC) of dyslexic and non-dyslexic subjects. The CC is a bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and the right hemisphere of the brain. Due to the role of this structure in inter-hemispheric transfer and integration between thehemispheres, the CC is significant in the search for the neurobiological basis of DD. (S Afr Optom 2012 71(1) 39-45)

scholarly journals Language activation in monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris E. C. Sommer ◽  
Nick F. Ramsey ◽  
René C. W. Mandl ◽  
Clarine J. Van Oel ◽  
René S. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Language Activation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Discordant Twin

BackgroundIn previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, participants with schizophrenia showed decreased language lateralisation, resulting from increased activation of the right hemisphere compared with controls.AimTo determine whether decreased lateralisation and increased right cerebral language activation constitute genetic predispositions for schizophrenia.MethodLanguage activation was measured using fMRI in 12 right-handed monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia and 12 healthy right-handed monozygotic twin pairs who were matched for gender, age and education.ResultsLanguage lateralisation was decreased in discordant twin pairs compared with the healthy twin pairs. The groups did not differ in activation of the language-related areas of the left hemisphere, but language-related activation in the right hemisphere was significantly higher in the discordant twin pairs than in the healthy pairs. Within the discordant twin pairs, language lateralisation was not significantly different between patients with schizophrenia and their co-twins.ConclusionsDecreased language lateralisation may constitute a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia.

Chondromatosis of the Choroid Plexus: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Manuel Valdueza ◽  
Niels Freckmann ◽  
Hans-Dietrich Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Synovial Chondromatosis ◽  
Intracranial Tumor ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Right

Abstract We report the case of a patient with successful total removal of a previously undescribed intracranial tumor arising in the right lateral ventricle (probably of metaplastic origin). The histopathological examination revealed benign chondromatosis of the choroid plexus. The pathogenesis of this lesion, with special reference to synovial chondromatosis and to the differential diagnosis of solid neoplastic chondromas, their clinical features, and computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings, is presented and discussed.

Application of Artificial Intelligence in Magnetic Resonance Imaging to reduce Gadolinium accumulation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-428
Author(s):  
Vijay Anant Athavale ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain ◽  
New Onset

Gadolinium (Gd) is a based contrast agent is used for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In India, gadobutrolhas been is approved for MRI of the Central Nervous System (CNS), liver, kidneys, and breast. It has been noted in several studies that the accumulation of gadolinium occurs in different structures in the brain. Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are regularly followed up with MRI scans and MRI with contrast enhancement is the most common method of distinguishing new-onset pathological changes. Developments in technology and methods in artificial intelligence have shown that there is reason to map out the X-ray technician’s work with examinations and medicines administered to patients may be altered to prevent the accumulation of gadolinium.

Bilateral Footdrop After Treatment of an Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. onsE373-onsE376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Teufack ◽  
Fernando Gonzalez ◽  
Robert Rosenwasser ◽  
Pascal Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Acute Infarction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background And Importance: Footdrop designates weakness of the ankle as well as toes dorsiflexion. Peripheral causes of unilateral footdrop are well established. Bilateral footdrop originating from pathologies in the central nervous system are rare and include a number of unexplored etiologies. Clinical Presentation: A case of bilateral footdrop is presented. The patient presented with a grade IV subarachnoid hemorrhage with intraventricular extension. He was treated with coil embolization of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Postoperatively, he was found to have weakness of both ankle and toe dorsiflexion. Findings on magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine were negative for abnormal cord signal, cord infarction, and compressive lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed parasagittal bifrontal and right greater than left convexity foci of acute infarction. Conclusion: Central causes of acute footdrop are rare. However, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly in the presence of upper motor neuron signs on physical examination.

New-Onset Right-Sided Numbness and Double Vision

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
W. Oliver Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Deep White Matter ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 40-year-old right-handed man sought care for right hand numbness, right-sided facial numbness, and diplopia progressing to maximal severity over 10 days. At his worst he was unable to write. His symptoms remained maximal for 4 weeks. He was hospitalized and treated with 5 days of intravenous methylprednisolone. He improved to approximately 95% of normal over 4 weeks. He had residual mild right-sided facial and right leg numbness. Antibodies to JC polyoma virus and varicella-zoster virus were positive, which indicated prior exposure to these viruses. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was low at 8.2 ng/mL. Optical coherence tomography findings were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed 3 months after the onset of symptoms demonstrated a T2-hyperintense lesion in the left midbrain peduncle extending into the upper pons, without gadolinium enhancement. A small area of T2 hyperintensity was seen in the right frontal deep white matter. Follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging showed almost complete resolution of the left midbrain peduncle lesion with persistence of the right frontal deep white matter lesion. Spinal fluid analysis showed 1 white blood cell/µL with 95% lymphocytes, protein 35 mg/dL, 0 unique oligoclonal bands, and normal immunoglobulin G index (0.54). A diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome-first episode of multiple sclerosis was made. After detailed discussion with the patient, he elected to commence disease-modifying therapy with fingolimod. He underwent routine monitoring with magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical and thoracic spine on an annual basis, without any further relapses at 5-year follow-up. Patients with typical demyelinating syndromes may not always fulfill the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis. After careful exclusion of other mimicking conditions, most notably aquaporin-4-immunoglobulin G– and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G–associated disease, a diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome may be made.

Headache and Hemiparesis in Middle Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Catalina Sanchez Alvarez ◽  
Kenneth J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

A 53-year-old man with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and a remote, cryptogenic, multifocal, posterior circulation ischemic stroke, came to the emergency department with 1 day of vertigo, ataxic gait, nausea, occipital headache, and painless binocular diplopia. Symptoms were present upon awakening on the day of presentation and progressed throughout the day. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 10 mm/h and C-reactive protein level was less than 3 mg/L. Cerebrospinal fluid examination indicated mild lymphocytic pleocytosis with 9 cells/µL, protein value of 45 mg/dL, and glucose level within normal limits. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography with contrast demonstrated a left caudate head infarction and leptomeningeal and perivascular enhancement involving bilateral temporal lobes, basal ganglia, and frontal lobes. Right middle cerebral artery wall enhancement was also noted. Conventional cerebral angiography showed diffuse dilatation and mural irregularity of the right middle cerebral artery M1 segment, as well as dilatation of the first 2 mm of the left anterior cerebral artery A1 segment. These findings were associated with vessel wall gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, which raised concern for vasculitis. The patient was diagnosed with primary angiitis of the central nervous system. The diagnosis was based on the presence of multiple ischemic infarcts, without cardioembolic source, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography findings consistent with vasculitis, and the absence of systemic vasculitis, infection, and cancer. After diagnosis, the patient was started on intravenous methylprednisolone, followed by oral prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide. Because of some new areas of enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, the patient was subsequently treated with rituximab. Clinical and radiologic remission was achieved, although the patient had permanent residual gait difficulties. Central nervous system vasculitis is an inflammatory process of the blood vessels in the brain, meninges, and spinal cord. It is called primary angiitis of the central nervous system when the process is limited to the brain and, rarely, the spinal cord. In other circumstances, central nervous system vasculitis can be secondary to a systemic inflammatory syndrome or infectious process.

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