Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by the novel initiator N-bromosuccinimide

e-Polymers ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Xiulin Zhu ◽  
Jian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Initiation System ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract Heterogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by N-bromosuccinimide in bulk was successfully carried out with CuBr/2,2’-bipyridine as the catalyst. The kinetics follow first order in monomer and molecular weights (polydispersities Mw/Mn = 1.23 - 1.66) increase linearly with monomer conversion, indicating the ‘living’/controlled nature of the polymerization. However, the number-average molecular weights were usually higher than the theoretical ones. That demonstrates the relatively low efficiency of the initiator, the causes of which are discussed. The obtained polystyrenes functionalized with α-α-pyrrolidine- 2,5-dionyl and ω-Br as the end groups were characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. They can be used as macroinitiators for chain extension reaction. A polymerization mechanism for this novel initiation system is proposed.

Atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene initiated by the novel initiator 2-bromo-2-nitropropane

e-Polymers ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Wang ◽  
Xiulin Zhu ◽  
Cheng Zhengping ◽  
Jian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
H Nmr

AbstractHeterogeneous atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene initiated by 2-bromo-2-nitropropane in bulk was carried out with CuCl/2,2′-bipyridine as the catalyst. The kinetics was first order in monomer and the numberaverage molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with monomer conversion, indicating the ‘living’/controlled nature of the polymerization. However, the number-average molecular weight was usually higher than the theoretical one. The nitro group might react with the Cu complex, resulting in insufficient initiation. The amount of catalyst has no effect on the controllability of this catalyst system for the ATRP of styrene. The presence of a halide end group in the obtained polymer was confirmed by both 1H NMR and chain-extension reaction.

ATRP Synthesis of PS-b-PtBMA and Preparation of Porous Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 679-683
Author(s):  
Chang Hao Yan ◽  
Zhi Jiao Zhang ◽  
Hai Yan Chen ◽  
Zhong Yi Xie ◽  
Ting Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Porous Film ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Breath Figure ◽  
Breath Figure Method ◽  
End Group

The polystyrene with end group of Br was synthesized by using MBrP as the initiator, CuBr/ PMDETA as the catalyst system according to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The effect of reaction temperature was studied and the system was confirmed as the active polymerization. Then PS-Br and CuBr/ PMDETA were respectively used as macroinitiator and catalyst to polymerize tBMA according to atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The structure of the product was characterized by GPCFTIR1H-NMR. The amphiphilic block copolymer was obtained after hydrolysis. And the honeycomb porous film was prepared by PS-b-PMAA through using breath figure method.

Synthesis of Imidazole End-Capped Poly(n-butyl methacrylate)s via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with a new functional initiator containing imidazolium group

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aihua Zhu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Meiran Xie ◽  
Yiqun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymerization Temperature ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
System A ◽  
Rate Of Polymerization ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Optimal Reaction Temperature

AbstractThe synthesis of imidazole end-capped poly(n-butyl methacrylate)s via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported. n-Butyl methacrylate (n- BMA) was polymerized in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) at different temperatures via ATRP using a new N-heterocyclic functional initiator (1-α-bromoisobutylimidazole, BrBI) in the presence of CuBr/2,2’-bipyridine (bpy) as the catalyst. With this new initiating system, a successful ATRP of n-BMA was carried out, and imidazole endcapped polymers with predetermined molecular weights and low polydispersities (1.1<PDI<1.3) were obtained at low polymerization temperature (below 80 °C). Furthermore, the dependence of both the rate of polymerization and PDI on temperature gave the optimal reaction temperature (50 °C). However, at elevated temperature (especially above 80 °C), some different phenomena appeared in the polymerization: the conversion of monomer remains constant after reaching a maximum value (20%-30%), and the higher the temperature, the lower the conversion obtained.

Preparation of the AOPAN-poly(HEMA) nanofibers via the atom transfer radical polymerization method and their application for laccase immobilization

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Quan Feng ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Dingsheng Wu ◽  
Suo Liu ◽  
Mao Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Surface Grafting ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Initial Activity ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Immobilized Laccase ◽  
Laccase Immobilization ◽  
Polymerization Method

AOPAN nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and amidoxime modification, subsequently, HEMA was used as the monomers for surface grafting via atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by coordination with Cu(II) ions, thereafter, the nanofibers AOPAN-poly(HEMA)-Cu(II) were explored as the novel support for laccase immobilization. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the morphology of the nanofibers, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to provide information on the surface chemistry of nanofibers. At the same time, the optimization of immobilization conditions and the relative properties of the immobilized laccase were also studied in this paper. The study showed the largest amount of immobilized laccase while the reaction time of atom transfer radical polymerization was 4 h. The immobilized laccase showed a better stability resistance to temperature and pH change, and the initial activity of immobilized laccase retained (60.3 ± 3.1)%, that of the free laccase retained only (21.3 ± 2.1)% when stored at 4℃ for 24 days. Immobilized laccase maintained its initial activity after 10 repeated batches of 64.5%.

Antibacterial behavior of halloysite nanotubes decorated with copper nanoparticles in a novel mixed matrix membrane for water purification

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 874-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Duan ◽  
Qianqian Zhao ◽  
Jindun Liu ◽  
Yatao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Molecular Weights

Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) with various molecular weights was grafted onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (RATRP).

scholarly journals Self-assemblies of γ-CDs with pentablock copolymers PMA-PPO-PEO-PPO-PMA and endcapping via atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 2267-2277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lin ◽  
Tao Kong ◽  
Lin Ye ◽  
Ai-ying Zhang ◽  
Zeng-guo Feng
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Pentablock Copolymers ◽  
Dsc Analyses ◽  
Pass Through

Pentablock copolymers PMA-PPO-PEO-PPO-PMA synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were self-assembled with varying amounts of γ-CDs to prepare poly(pseudorotaxanes) (PPRs). When the concentration of γ-CDs was lower, the central PEO segment served as a shell of the micelles and was preferentially bent to pass through the γ-CD cavity to construct double-chain-stranded tight-fit PPRs characterized by a channel-like crystal structure. With an increase in the amount of γ-CDs added, they began to accommodate the poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) segments dissociated from the core of the micelles. When more γ-CDs were threaded and slipped over the segments, the γ-CDs were randomly distributed along the pentablock copolymer chain to generate single-chain-stranded loose-fit PPRs and showed no characteristic channel-like crystal structure. All the self-assembly processes of the pentablock copolymers resulted in the formation of hydrogels. After endcapping via in situ ATRP of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC), these single-chain-stranded loose-fit PPRs were transformed into conformational identical polyrotaxanes (PRs). The structures of the PPRs and PRs were characterized by means of 1H NMR, GPC, 13C CP/MAS NMR, 2D 1H NOESY NMR, FTIR, WXRD, TGA and DSC analyses.

First example of polystyrene end-functionalized with excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophore by ATRP method

e-Polymers ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Lu ◽  
Liang Zhang ◽  
Qingfeng Xu ◽  
Najun Li ◽  
Feng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Optical Property ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ◽  
Radical Polymerization ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Intramolecular Proton Transfer ◽  
Chain Extension ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
H Nmr

AbstractA novel initiator, 2-benzothiazol-2-yl-5-bromomethyl-phenol (BYBP) containing excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) fluorophore was synthesized. Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene was conducted successfully using BYBP as initiator, cuprous bromide (CuBr)/N,N,N’,N”,N’-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) as catalyst, and cyclohexanone/DMF (mcyclohexanone: mDMF = 1: 1) as solvent. Factors such as the reaction temperature and molar ratio of catalyst to initiator, which could affect the ATRP system, were discussed in the paper. Chain extension was conducted using polymer as the macro-initiator which was characterized via 1H NMR. The optical property of initiator was well preserved in the obtained polystyrene, and the endfunctionalized polystyrene exhibited obvious fluorescent emission at about 530 nm.

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