Industrial Thermowood® and Termovuoto thermal modification of two hardwoods from Mozambique

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Pockrandt ◽  
Mohamed Jebrane ◽  
Ignazia Cuccui ◽  
Ottaviano Allegretti ◽  
Ernesto Uetimane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Carbohydrate Degradation

AbstractThe study aimed at treating metil (Sterculia appendiculataK. Schum) and neem (Azadirachta indicaA. Juss) timber from Mozambique under industrial conditions by steam [Thermowood®(TW)] and vacuum [Termovuoto (TV)] thermal modifications (TM). Matched boards were treated identically and wood alterations in chemistry, colour, mass loss (ML), mechanical properties and durability were compared. The applied vacuum partly removed the acetic acid that causes carbohydrate degradation, i.e. heat applied under vacuum was less destructive. TM under vacuum generated a lighter colour than that caused by steam treatment. ML was significantly higher after the TW process namely, 14.1 vs. 9.9% after thermo-vacuum treatment for metil and 14.2 and 12.1% for neem. Colour and ML changes correlated with the decrease in shear strength, rupture and elasticity moduli and increase in wood decay resistance. Metil wood is more permeable and demonstrated significant differences between the treatments; the thermo-vacuum process was less destructive but led to less improvement of durability compared to TW treatment.

scholarly journals New Perspective on Wood Thermal Modification: Relevance between the Evolution of Chemical Structure and Physical-Mechanical Properties, and Online Analysis of Release of VOCs

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Xu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yunfang Shen ◽  
Cong Li ◽  
Yanwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Dominant Component ◽  
New Perspective

Thermal modification (TM) is an ecological and low-cost pretreated method to improve the dimensional stability and decay resistance of wood. This study systematically investigates the relevance between the evolution of chemical structure and the physical and mechanical properties during wood thermal modification processes. Moreover, the volatility of compounds (VOCs) was analyzed using a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) and a pyrolizer coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometer (Py-GC/MS). With an increase of TM temperature, the anti-shrink efficiency and contact angle increased, while the equilibrium moisture content decreased. This result indicates that the dimensional stability improved markedly due to the reduction of hydrophilic hydroxyl (–OH). However, a slight decrease of the moduli of elasticity and of rupture was observed after TM due to the thermal degradation of hemicellulose and cellulose. Based on a TGA-FTIR analysis, the small molecular gaseous components were composed of H2O, CH4, CO2, and CO, where H2O was the dominant component with the highest absorbance intensity, i.e., 0.008 at 200 °C. Based on the Py-GC/MS analysis, the VOCs were shown to be mainly composed of acids, aldehydes, ketones, phenols, furans, alcohols, sugars, and esters, where acids were the dominant compounds, with a relative content of 37.05−42.77%.

ALUMINUM 220

Alloy Digest ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Casting ◽  
Aluminum Casting Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Aluminum Company

Abstract ALUMINUM 220 is a 10% magnesium-aluminum casting alloy having the highest combination of mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and machinability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-112. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of America.

ALUMINUM 2011

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Screw Machine ◽  
Aluminum Copper Alloy

Abstract ALUMINUM 2011 is an age-hardenable aluminum-copper alloy to which lead and bismuth are added to make it a free-machining alloy. It has good mechanical properties and was designed primarily for the manufacture of screw-machine products. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-32. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies. Originally published October 1955, revised December 1978.

ALCAN 350

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Casting ◽  
Aluminum Casting Alloy ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Company

Abstract ALCAN 350 is a 10% magnesium-aluminum casting alloy having high mechanical properties, excellent machinability, and good corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-52. Producer or source: Aluminum Company of Canada Ltd.

COPPER ALLOY No. 675

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Copper Zinc

Abstract COPPER ALLOY No. 675 is a copper-zinc alloy having excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-244. Producer or source: Brass mills.

ALUMINUM 319.0

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract ALUMINUM 319.0 is a general-purpose foundry alloy that is moderately responsive to heat treatment. It has excellent casting characteristics and good mechanical properties. Among its many uses are crankcases, housings, engine parts, typewriter frames and rear-axle housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-256. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

ANSONIA C14500

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract Ansonia alloy C14500 has unique fabrication properties while maintaining both physical and mechanical properties close to pure copper. The addition of Tellurium makes the alloy free machining. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-752. Producer or source: Ansonia Copper & Brass Inc.

SUPERSTON 40

Alloy Digest ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Aluminum Bronze

Abstract SUPERSTON 40 is an aluminum bronze containing 12% manganese and has good casting properties and excellent mechanical properties. It is recommended for any application where extreme corrosion resistance is required and where weldability is desired, such as propellers and marine equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Cu-150. Producer or source: H. Kramer & Company.

KAISER ALUMINUM ALLOY 7049

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Kaiser Aluminum ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Structural Parts

Abstract Kaiser Aluminum Alloy 7049 has high mechanical properties and good machinability. The alloy offers a resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and is typically used in aircraft structural parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: AL-365. Producer or source: Tennalum, A Division of Kaiser Aluminum.

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