Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 1: Aspects of delignification and surface hardness

Abstract The white rot fungus Physisporinus vitreus is currently tested for several biotechnological applications such as permeability improvement of refractory wood species or the optimization of the acoustic properties of wood for violins. The enzymatic activity of P. vitreus results in the degradation of pit membranes and simultaneous alterations of the tracheid cell wall structure in wood of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst]. By this means, selective delignification and simultaneous degradation occur in the latewood tracheids at short incubation times. To study the delignification of individual cell wall layers in latewood tracheids, cellular UV-microspectrophotometry was applied to wood of Norway spruce that had been incubated for between 3 and 9 weeks. By means of this technique, the progressing delignification was demonstrated in the latewood tracheid secondary walls. Moreover, local delignification in close proximity to hyphal tunneling, cavities, and notches was evident. Additionally, the mechanical changes were measured (a) at the macroscopic level by Brinell hardness test and (b) at the cellular level by nanoindentation. Brinell hardness was significantly reduced with increasing incubation time which was attributed to the partial delignification. Unlike Brinell tests, results from nanoindentation tests did not show a clear effect of fungal activity because of the material heterogeneity and the high spatial resolution of this technique. The present study provides methodological approaches for the investigation of wood-fungus interactions and contributes to a better understanding of the characteristics of wood decay at the subcellular level caused by the white rot fungus P. vitreus. Moreover, it establishes the basis for a subsequent chemical analysis, for which the results will be the topic of a second paper in this series.

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Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.090 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christian Lehringer ◽

Bodo Saake ◽

Vjekoslav Živković ◽

Klaus Richter ◽

Holger Militz

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Anion Exchange Chromatography ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Fungal Activity ◽

Selective Delignification ◽

Simultaneous Degradation

AbstractThe biotechnological application of the white rot fungusPhysisporinus vitreusnamed “bioincising” is currently being investigated for permeability improvement of Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.) wood. During short-term (<9 weeks) incubation, fungal activity induces degradation of pit membranes and a simultaneous alteration of the tracheid cell wall structure. In Part 1 of this article series, the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation was shown by UV-microspectrophotometry (UMSP). Moreover, significant reduction of Brinell hardness was recorded after 7 and 9 weeks incubation. For a better understanding of the chemical alterations in the wood constituents and the corresponding changes of mechanical properties due to fungal activity, we applied microtensile tests on thin strips that were prepared from the surface of incubated Norway spruce wood. Indications for the occurrence of selective delignification and simultaneous degradation were evident. Determination of lignin content and carbohydrate analysis by borate anion exchange chromatography confirmed the results. The present study verifies the findings from Part 1 of this article series and from previously conducted microscopic investigations. Now, the degradation characteristics ofP. vitreusare established and the bioincising process can be further optimized with higher reliability.

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Mineralization of Native Pesticidal Plant Cell-Wall Complexes by the White-Rot Fungus,Phanerochaetechrysosporium

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf9609340 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 1911-1915 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert G. May ◽

Irene Sparrer ◽

Enamul Hoque ◽

Heinrich Sandermann

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus

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Temporal transcriptome analysis of the white-rot fungus Obba rivulosa shows expression of a constitutive set of plant cell wall degradation targeted genes during growth on solid spruce wood

Fungal Genetics and Biology ◽

10.1016/j.fgb.2017.07.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 112 ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mila Marinović ◽

Maria Victoria Aguilar-Pontes ◽

Miaomiao Zhou ◽

Otto Miettinen ◽

Ronald P. de Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Cell Wall Degradation ◽

Spruce Wood ◽

Plant Cell Wall Degradation

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Xylem defense wood of Norway spruce compromised by the pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum shows a prolonged period of selective decay

Planta ◽

10.1007/s00425-012-1664-4 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 236 (4) ◽

pp. 1125-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nina Elisabeth Nagy ◽

Simon Ballance ◽

Harald Kvaalen ◽

Carl Gunnar Fossdal ◽

Halvor Solheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Selective Decay

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The pathogenic white-rot fungus Heterobasidion parviporum triggers non-specific defence responses in the bark of Norway spruce

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpr113 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 1262-1272 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. Arnerup ◽

M. Lind ◽

A. Olson ◽

J. Stenlid ◽

M. Elfstrand

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Defence Responses

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Automated quantification of the impact of the wood-decay fungus Physisporinus vitreus on the cell wall structure of Norway spruce by tomographic microscopy

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-011-0442-y ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 769-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

M. J. Fuhr ◽

C. Stührk ◽

B. Münch ◽

F. W. M. R. Schwarze ◽

M. Schubert

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Cell Wall Structure ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Decay Fungus ◽

Wood Decay Fungus ◽

Automated Quantification ◽

The Impact

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Induction of Genes Encoding Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes by Lignocellulose-Derived Monosaccharides and Cellobiose in the White-Rot FungusDichomitus squalens

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00403-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sara Casado López ◽

Mao Peng ◽

Tedros Yonatan Issak ◽

Paul Daly ◽

Ronald P. de Vries ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Content Type ◽

Dichomitus Squalens

ABSTRACTFungi can decompose plant biomass into small oligo- and monosaccharides to be used as carbon sources. Some of these small molecules may induce metabolic pathways and the production of extracellular enzymes targeted for degradation of plant cell wall polymers. Despite extensive studies in ascomycete fungi, little is known about the nature of inducers for the lignocellulolytic systems of basidiomycetes. In this study, we analyzed six sugars known to induce the expression of lignocellulolytic genes in ascomycetes for their role as inducers in the basidiomycete white-rot fungusDichomitus squalensusing a transcriptomic approach. This identified cellobiose andl-rhamnose as the main inducers of cellulolytic and pectinolytic genes, respectively, ofD. squalens. Our results also identified differences in gene expression patterns between dikaryotic and monokaryotic strains ofD. squalenscultivated on plant biomass-derived monosaccharides and the disaccharide cellobiose. This suggests that despite conservation of the induction between these two genetic forms ofD. squalens, the fine-tuning in the gene regulation of lignocellulose conversion is differently organized in these strains.IMPORTANCEWood-decomposing basidiomycete fungi have a major role in the global carbon cycle and are promising candidates for lignocellulosic biorefinery applications. However, information on which components trigger enzyme production is currently lacking, which is crucial for the efficient use of these fungi in biotechnology. In this study, transcriptomes of the white-rot fungusDichomitus squalensfrom plant biomass-derived monosaccharide and cellobiose cultures were studied to identify compounds that induce the expression of genes involved in plant biomass degradation.

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Combined effect of boron compounds and heat treatments on wood properties: Boron release and decay and termite resistance

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2006.072 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 455-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. Nami Kartal

Keyword(s):

Brown Rot ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Decay Resistance ◽

Heat Treatments ◽

Coptotermes Formosanus ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Termite Resistance ◽

Brown Rot Fungus ◽

Decay Tests

Abstract The decay and termite resistance of boric acid (BA)- and di-sodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT)-treated sugi sapwood was tested in the context of additional heat treatments at two temperature levels. Heat treatments had no effect on boron release and almost all boron was leached from specimens during a 10-day weathering period. Decay tests with the brown-rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris and the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and a 3-week termite resistance test with the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus were performed. Heat treatments did not increase the decay resistance of either BA- or DOT-treated specimens against the brown-rot fungus. However, the decay resistance of BA-treated specimens against the same fungus increased after heat treatment at 220°C for 2 h. Heat treatments at 180°C for 4 h and 220°C for 2 h also resulted in increased decay resistance of DOT-treated specimens against T. versi-color. Increased resistance against termite attack was observed only in DOT-treated specimens heated at 180°C for 4 h or at 220°C for 2 h. Accordingly, a synergistic effect between heat and DOT treatments was observed for resistance against white-rot decay and termites.

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