Investigations of The Hybrid Effects of The Operational Parameters In The Radial Forging Process Based On The Validation of The Hardness Test

In this study, considering all the parameters in radial forging and a three-dimensional model has been simulated using the finite element method. By implementing an elastoplastic state for the specimen tube, parameters such as friction type, residual stress distribution, effective strain distribution, material flow velocity and its effect on the neutral plate and the distribution of force in the die have been studied and analyzed. The effects of angle on the quality and characteristics of the specimen and the longevity of the die have also been obtained. Experimental results have been used to confirm the accuracy of the simulation. The results of the hardness test after forging were compared with the simulation results. Good agreement between the results indicates the accuracy of the simulation in terms of hardness. Therefore, this validation allows confirming the other obtained results for the analysis and prediction of various components in the forging process. After the validation and confirmation of the results through the hardness test, the hardness distribution was obtained by considering temperature changes and the effective strain on the specimen.

Continuous Cooling Transformation Behavior of High Carbon Pearlitic Steel

The continuous cooling transformation behavior of high-carbon pearlitic steel was studied by employing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the Vickers hardness test. The results show that the microstructure of the test steel is composed of proeutectoid cementite and lamellar pearlite in the cooling rate range of 0.05–2 °C/s and lamellar pearlite in the range of 2–5 °C/s. Further, martensite appears at 10 °C/s. With the increase in the cooling rate, the Vickers hardness of the test steel first decreases and then increases. In the industrial production of high-carbon pearlite steel, the formation of proeutectoid cementite at a low cooling rate needs to be avoided, and at the same time, the formation of martensite and other brittle-phase at a high cooling rate needs to be avoided.

Production and Assessment of AZ91 Reinforced with Nano SiC through Stir Casting Process

Magnesium, a light weight alloy used in multiple engineering industrial applications because of its good Physical, Chemical and Thermal characteristics. Magnesium composites play an important role in partial or entire replacement of numerous alloys.This current work deals with Nano silicon carbide of about 100nm was incorporated with AZ91magnesium alloy through liquid state composite processing. Two samples are made using 0% Nano SiC and 3% Nano SiC and are characterized through tensile test in Universal Testing Machine, Micro hardness test in Vickers hardness tester and Microstructure in Optical Microscopy. From the study it was clear that there is a peak increase in hardness of about 36% when compared to as casted AZ91.

ANALISA KERUSAKAN WEIGHT COMP BALANCER PADA SEPEDA MOTOR HONDA CB150R NEW 2019 Di PT.XX

The Weight Comp Balancer functions as a shaft as well as a balancing weight for the Balancer Assy component.From the data obtained in the form of consumer complaints about the New 2019 CB150R motorcycle, some consumers of the New 2019 CB150R motorbike often complain about abnormal engine vibrations, causing engine performance to decline and cause rough sound in engine sound, From the results of the hardness test on the Shaft Weight Comp Balancer, the average results are 512 HL, 231 HB, 236 HV and the results of the hardness test on the Pen Weight Comp Balancer are obtained from an average of 504 HL, 223 HB, 228 HV, From the results of the identification of the cause of the Weight Comp Balancer damage, it can be concluded that the bending of the Shaft Weight Comp Balancer for the New 2019 CB150R Motorcycle engine is caused by misalignment due to the inaccurate selection of the Spring Mount design on the Balancer Assy

Pengaruh penambahan Silikon pada remelting piston motor bekas menggunakan tungku induksi terhadap kekuatan tarik dan kekerasan

Aluminum is one of the most widely used non-ferrous metals in industry and engineering because of its light weight and resistance to corrosion. The purpose of this study is to change the waste of used motor pistons using an induction furnace by recycling or remelting the material and adding a mixture of silicon with variations of 8%, 10% and 12% to improve its mechanical properties. In this research, I used the main furnace for the smelting. The results of this study in the tensile test showed that the strength and wear strength increased with the addition of silicon elements but became brittle and stiff this happened because the value of the elastic modulus decreased with the addition of silkon elements, namely at 12% at 1.06 N/mm² and at a variation of 8 % of 1.13 N/mm². In the hardness test, it was found that the addition of silicon to aluminum with variations of 8%, 10% and 12% increased the hardness of the material.

THE EFFECT OF DEEP CRYOGENIC ON TENSILE STRENGTH AND IMPACT TOUGHNESS IN QUENCH TEMPERED STEEL PLATE AS A CANDIDATE FOR BALLISTIC RESISTANCE MATERIAL

Ballistic resistant materials are materials containing right combination of hardness, strength, and toughness. The quench process produces high hardness and tensile strength but decreases toughness. The hardening process has been performed using an induction machine and a tempering process on a medium carbon steel plate. This work aimed to determine and analyze the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on steel plates that have been quenched tempered. This research utilized steel plates of 130 x 130 x 8 mm size which has been quenched and then immersed in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C for 1, 5, 10, and 20 days. The micro Vickers hardness test specimen, tensile test and charpy impact test were made to determine the effect of immersion time. The test results and analysis showed that DCT had the ability to change microstructure, improve the hardness, tensile strength, and impact toughness. Furthermore, the maximum hardness was obtained during the immersion treatment of 20 days, which was 449.45 VHN and 1107.53 MPa, respectively. However, the highest toughness was obtained during the immersion of 10 days, which was 1,001 J/mm2. In order to get the optimal combination of ballistic characters, further ballistic testing is needed, both in simulation using the finite element method and ballistic experiment test.

Mechanical Properties of briquette by mixing rice and micrometer-sized carbon particles from potato and yam skins

The purpose of this study was to utilize waste potato skins (PS) and yam skins (YS) in the production of briquettes with rice waste as a binder. The basic materials used to utilize waste, especially potato skins (PS), yam skins (YS), and rice waste. Experiments were carried out by mixing and molding carbon particles made from an equal mass ratio of PS and YS with rice as binders (i.e., 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%). PS and YS were dried, carbonized at 250°C for 3 hours, and sieved to get sizes of 250 μm. To make compact briquettes, the molded materials were pressed with 5.66 Pa. Several characterizations were analyzed, including compressed density, relaxed density, relaxation ratio, percentage of moisture content, burning rate, percentage of water resistance index, percentage of durability index, specific fuel consumption, the puncture test, and the hardness test. The characterization results showed that the prepared briquettes have good quality, and the best was for 10% of adhesive. The best durability index was for briquettes with 30% of adhesive. The compressed density and water resistance index were optimum when using 40% of adhesive. In general, briquettes with a low amount of adhesive have a high-density value, low moisture content, and a long flammability. This research is expected to convey information regarding how to reuse rice waste as an adhesive for briquettes.

Assessment of Hydration Process And Mechanical Properties of Cemented Paste Backfill By Rebound Method

Backfilling mining method is a green mining method which is being used widely, nevertheless, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the cement backfill paste (CPB) on site is difficult to measure, and it is impossible to know the internal cementation, for this reason, the rebound method is improved and introduced in this paper. Standard specimens of CPB were made and cured for different curing age under standard curing conditions. The hardness test of each part of the CPB is completed, the unconfined compression test is carried out, and the functional model of the hardness of each part of the CPB is established, which was a function of radius and age. Based on the nonuniformity of the filling material, the failure mode of CPB is analyzed and verified in the test. The results show that the exponential function model is more suitable for the relationship between the external hardness and the overall strength, and this conclusion is of great significance in construction site. In addition, the corresponding relationship between hardness and local strength was calculated and verified, the results show that the simple model can predict the variation of local strength with hardness better, and the quadratic function model is the best choice.

Effect of Nb on β → α ″ Martensitic Phase Transformation and Characterization of New Biomedical Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr Alloys

A new generation of Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr ( x = 15 , 20, 25, 30, 35 wt %) alloys have been designed using various theoretical approaches including DV-xα cluster, molybdenum equivalency, and electron to atom ratio. Afterward, designed alloys are fabricated using cold crucible levitation melting technique. The microstructure and mechanical performances of newly designed alloys are characterized in this work using scanning electron microscope and universal testing machine, respectively. Each alloy demonstrates monolithic β phase except Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy which display dual α ″ + β phases. Typically, niobium acts as an isomorphous beta stabilizer. However, in this work, formation of martensitic α ″ phases occurs at 35 wt % of niobium among the series of newly designed alloys. Furthermore, none of the alloys fail till the maximum load capacity of machine, i.e., 100 KN except Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy. Moreover, the Vickers hardness test is carried out on Ti-xNb-3Fe-9Zr alloys which demonstrate slip bands around the indentation for each alloy. Notably, the deformation bands and cracks around the indentations of each alloy have been observed using optical microscopy; Ti-35Nb-3Fe-9Zr demonstrates some cracks along with slip bands around its indentation. The Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy shows the highest yield strength of 1043 ± 20 MPa , large plasticity of 32 ± 0.5 % , and adequate hardness of 152 ± 3.90 Hv among the investigated alloys. The Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr alloy demonstrates good blend of strength and malleability. Therefore, Ti-25Nb-3Fe-9Zr can be used effectively for the biomedical applications.

Characterization of mechanical properties of composite materials with filler coconut shell powder and sawdust with coconut fiber reinforcement as an alternative to low loaded brake friction materials

The purpose of the study is to determine the best composition variation of the fifth variation of the composition of the composite material against the wear test, hardness test, tensile test comparing values ​​ with the safety standards of the brake lining composite SAEJ 661. Making the specimens was performed by mixing the ingredients with a mixer for 15 minutes and then do the process of compaction, with a load of 4 tons and detained achieve holding time is desired, then dies (mould) are placed in the oven and do the sintering process at a temperature of 1500 C for 180 minutes and specimens removed from the mould, the process of finishing and testing. These test results show that the composition of the material that is on variation V best price obtained 96.575 HBN hardness, wear rates of 1,29x10-6 gr / (mm2.detik), and a tensile strength of 0.842 MPa, but the brake friction material not meet safety standards SAEJ brake 661.