Study of Flow Behavior of Granular Material Inside Cylindrical Silo Using Ultrafast X-Ray Imaging Technique

Abstract This paper presents an application of an ultrafast electron beam X-ray CT scanner for investigating the gravitational flow behavior of granulates through cylindrical silo model. The CT scanner allows obtaining crosssectional images of the granular material distribution with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 mm and a time resolution of 2 kHz. In order to conduct a deep analysis of the granular flow concentration changes, two image processing algorithm steps were applied. The first step deals with preprocessing and re-centering stacks of raw images. The second step divides the preprocessed image into several concentric rings and calculates the mean value to study radial concentration changes. Independent analysis of granular concentration in each ring provides useful knowledge to study the silo discharging during mass flow and funnel flow.

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Analysis of the Granular Material Concentration Changes During Silo Discharging Process Based on X-Ray Image Analysis

Image Processing & Communications ◽

10.1515/ipc-2015-0015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 19 (2-3) ◽

pp. 107-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grudzien

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Processing Application ◽

X Ray ◽

Wall Area ◽

Gravitational Flow ◽

Image Processing Application ◽

Concentration Changes

Abstract In the paper is presented methodology of the X-ray image processing application to investigate gravitational flow in rectangular silo model. The proposed normalization procedure of X-ray data allows to visualize the changes of the volume fraction of sand during silo discharging process. The applied procedure of image processing, in contrast to the previously author works, allows to obtained more accurate information about the changes of material distribution level during process. The conducted image analysis simplifies the investigation of mass flow in various area of silo. The obtained results show the different particle behaviour in centre and at silo wall area. The experiments were conducted for different initially level of sand densities and roughness of the silo wall. Visualization of dissimilarity in interaction between the particles and particles, and between particles and the silo walls, even for smooth wall, was the main result of the Xray image analysis, especially for shear zone visualization.

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Visualisation of Granular Material Concentration Changes, During Silo Discharging Process, Using ECT Large Scale Sensor

Image Processing & Communications ◽

10.2478/v10248-012-0062-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 327-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krzysztof Grudzień ◽

Zbigniew Chaniecki ◽

Bartosz Matusiak ◽

Andrzej Romanowski ◽

Grzegorz Rybak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Granular Material ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bulk Materials ◽

Measuring Process ◽

Essential Information ◽

Gravitational Flow ◽

Process Economics ◽

Change Of Scale ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Monitoring And Diagnostics

Abstract Measuring changes of bulk materials concentration during gravitational flow, a silo emptying is essential information for the assessment of the behaviour and condition of the material during the emptying of the silo. Parameters obtained during this process are important both in terms of process economics and safety, are the basis for monitoring and diagnostics of the process. Affect the current process, but primarily are the result of their filling the silo, and the process of storing the material. Previous studies, conducted by a team of authors, the laboratory-scale silos and numerical calculations and simulations of its increase, helped build the ECT sensor on a large scale. Results related to the change of scale of the sensor and the actual measurements will be discussed in the article. Proposed by the authors of the paper, the method of visualization, performed in the measuring process, helps to ask about the process and suggests a methodology for dealing with the material stored in the silo.

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Analysis of Flow Behavior of Fluid during Sintering Process with Large Amounts of Pisolitic Ore by Hot Stage X-ray CT Scanner

Tetsu-to-Hagane ◽

10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.83.8_473 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kouichi NUSHIRO ◽

Nobuyuki OYAMA ◽

Katsutoshi IGAWA ◽

Ken-ichi SORIMACHI ◽

Tetsuji UETAKE

Keyword(s):

Flow Behavior ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Ct Scanner ◽

X Ray

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Long-period modulated superstructures in Pd-12.5 at.%Ce and Pd-15 at.%Ce alloys

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100173959 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 164-165

Author(s):

Noriyuki Kuwano ◽

Masaru Itakura ◽

Kensuke Oki

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mean Value ◽

Heavy Elements ◽

Arc Furnace ◽

X Ray ◽

Long Period ◽

Ultra High Purity ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Atomic Scattering ◽

The Mean

Pd-Ce alloys exhibit various anomalies in physical properties due to mixed valences of Ce, and the anomalies are thought to be strongly related with the crystal structures. Since Pd and Ce are both heavy elements, relative magnitudes of (fcc-fpd) are so small compared with <f> that superlattice reflections, even if any, sometimes cannot be detected in conventional x-ray powder patterns, where fee and fpd are atomic scattering factors of Ce and Pd, and <f> the mean value in the crystal. However, superlattices in Pd-Ce alloys can be analyzed by electron microscopy, thanks to the high detectability of electron diffraction. In this work, we investigated modulated superstructures in alloys with 12.5 and 15.0 at.%Ce.Ingots of Pd-Ce alloys were prepared in an arc furnace under atmosphere of ultra high purity argon. The disc specimens cut out from the ingots were heat-treated in vacuum and electrothinned to electron transparency by a jet method.

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A New Procedure for Quick Estimation of Porosity and Density of Hydrate-bearing Sediments by Using Medical X-ray CT Scanner

10.1002/essoar.10500134.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Lallan Gupta ◽

Wataru Tanikawa ◽

Yohei Hamada ◽

Takehiro Hirose ◽

Naokazu Ahagon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scanner ◽

X Ray ◽

Hydrate Bearing Sediments

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Characterization of debinding of powder compacts by use of X-ray CT scanner

Metal Powder Report ◽

10.1016/s0026-0657(99)80027-7 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 38

Keyword(s):

Ct Scanner ◽

X Ray ◽

Powder Compacts

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Intracellular Elemental Concentrations in Resting and Secreting Rat Parotid Glands

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/00220345870660022501 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 537-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K.T. Izutsu ◽

D.E. Johnson ◽

M. Goddard

Keyword(s):

Secretory Granules ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Parotid Glands ◽

X Ray ◽

Elemental Concentrations ◽

Saliva Secretion ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Rat Parotid ◽

Micro Analysis

Electron probe x-ray micro-analysis was used to study the elemental concentration changes that occur during pilocarpine-stimulated saliva secretion. Quantitative x-ray micro-analysis of elemental concentrations in intracellular compartments of rat parotid glands stimulated in vivo with pilocarpine showed that Na concentration was significantly increased, while K concentration was significantly reduced. The magnitude of these changes was consistent with values obtained in other tissues with the x-ray micro-analysis method, and in the same tissue with other experimental methods. Comparisons with results from studies utilizing dispersed acini suggest that acinar dispersion procedures may affect intracellular elemental concentrations. Total electrolyte concentrations in cytoplasm and secretory granules were estimated to increase on a dry-weight basis following pilocarpine stimulation. The former change is consistent with the notion of a trans-cellular route of salivary fluid flow, while the latter change may be important in the exocytosis of secretory granules.

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