Anonymized Firm Data under Test: Evidence from a Replication Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Practical Usefulness ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anonymized Data ◽  
Firm Data

SummaryThis paper contributes to the literature on the use of anonymized firm level data by reporting results from a replication study. To test for the practical usefulness of anonymized data I selected two of my published papers based on different cross sections of firm data. The data used there were anonymized by micro aggregation. I replicated the analyses reported in the papers with the anonymized data, and then compared the results to those produced with the original data. Frequently, the reported levels of statistical significance differ. Furthermore, statistically significant coefficients sometimes differ by order of magnitude. Therefore, at least for the moderate sample sizes used here micro-aggregated firm data should not be considered as a tool for empirical research.

scholarly journals A microanalysis of trade finance: German bank entry and coffee exports in Brazil, 1880–1913

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-389
Author(s):  
Wilfried Kisling
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Credit Constraints ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
German Bank ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Bank Entry

Abstract The trade-finance nexus has enjoyed increasing interest in recent economic studies, but empirical evidence is scarce and studies from a historical perspective seem missing. This study analyses the effect of German bank entry on Brazilian coffee exports between 1880 and 1913 using firm-level data. I create an original data set on the yearly quantities of exported coffee and the credit received from the German Brasilianische Bank für Deutschland by export houses in Brazil. Using a difference-in-difference approach, I find that Brasilianische eased previously existing credit constraints, and that companies financed by Brasilianische exported significantly more than those that were not.

scholarly journals Offshoring and Labor Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hummels ◽  
Jakob R. Munch ◽  
Chong Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Intermediate Inputs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Wage Employment ◽  
Firm Data ◽  
Industry Level Data

In this paper, we survey the recent empirical literature on the effects of offshoring on wage, employment, and displacement. We start with an overview of the measurement of offshoring, organizing our discussion around the three key elements of offshoring: that it involves intermediate inputs for production (versus final goods for consumption); that it involves imported inputs (versus domestically produced ones); and that the inputs involved could have been produced internally within the same firm. We then briefly discuss the theories of offshoring and survey the literature that examines the wage effects of offshoring: the wave of studies using industry-level data; the wave using firm-level data; the wave using worker-level data; and the wave using matched worker-firm data. For each wave, we highlight the identification strategies used, critically assess its strengths and weaknesses, discuss its connections with theory, and draw out potential policy implications of its findings. Finally, we survey the literature that examines how offshoring affects employment and displacement. We highlight the recent development of a novel cohort-based approach that is specifically designed to address selection with displacement, and capable of identifying the overall effects of offshoring, including wage, displacement, and all other types of transitions. (JEL F23, J24, J31, J63, L24, M55)

Explaining Variations in the Advertising & Promotional Costs/Sales Ratio: A Rejoinder

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusum Ailawadi ◽  
Paul Farris ◽  
Mark Parry
Keyword(s):  
Market Share ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Data Preparation ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Preparation Errors ◽  
Advertising And Promotion

In 1994, the authors (see Ailawadi, Farris, and Parry 1994 ) reported the results of a failed attempt to validate the findings of Balasubramanian and Kumar's (1990) empirical analysis of the determinants of the firm-level ratio of advertising and promotion to sales (A&P/S). Balasubramanian and Kumar (1997) have now listed several concerns with the authors’ 1994 analysis—of which two data preparation errors are valid. However, these errors have no impact on the main thesis of the authors 1994 article—market share and market growth are not good predictors of A&P/S. The authors also have analyzed currently available COMPUSTAT data, and their findings once again invalidate Balasubramanian and Kumar's (1990) results. The authors can only reiterate their earlier conclusion—neither currently available COMPUSTAT data, Profit Impact of Market Strategy data, nor brand-level data show any significant effect of market share and market growth on A&P/S. The authors conclude that Balasubramanian and Kumar's (1990) findings are simply not valid, and there is no way to identify what exactly led to their unique results because they have not made available their original data set.

scholarly journals Exporters in Pakistan and Firms Who Do Not Export: What’s the Big Difference?

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (Special Edition) ◽  
pp. 207-246
Author(s):  
Theresa Chaudhry ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
World Bank Enterprise Survey ◽  
Enterprise Survey ◽  
New Literature

A variety of stylized facts about exporters have emerged in the new literature on international trade based on firm-level data. These include low levels of export participation among firms; small shares of export sales in firm revenue; larger firms; and higher levels of productivity, skill, and capital intensity among exporters. In this paper, we seek to examine the extent to which these stylized facts fit the experience of firms in Pakistan, using two cross-sections of firm-level data—the Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI) 2000/01 for Punjab and the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset (2006/07) for all Pakistan. We find similar levels of export market participation but very large shares of export sales in firm revenue for those who do, compared to the US sample studied by Bernard, Jensen, Redding, and Schott (2007). We also find, as do many other studies, that exporters exhibit significantly higher total factor productivity (TFP) and are larger in terms of employment than nonexporters. Exporters’ TFP was 150 percent higher than non-exporters before we controlled for firm size. Considering the eight largest sectors (which comprise more than 80 percent of the CMI Punjab), with a few exceptions, exporters had higher labor productivity and offered higher compensation to workers, but used more capital per worker and more imported inputs.

Implicit Taxes Amid Race to the Bottom in a Global Tax Game

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Igor Semenenko ◽  
Junwook Yoo ◽  
Parporn Akathaporn
Keyword(s):  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Tax Subsidy ◽  
Tax Subsidies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Tax Hypothesis

Growing tax competition among national governments in the presence of capital mobility distorts equilibrium in the international corporate tax market. This paper is related to the literature that examines impact of international tax policies on corporate accounting statements. Employing international firm-level data, this study revisits the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and documents that tax exemptions lowering effective tax rates relative to statutory rates increase pre-tax returns. This finding directly contradicts the implicit tax hypothesis documented by Wilkie (1992), who provided empirical evidence on inverse relationship between pre-tax return and tax subsidy. We also find evidences that relative importance of permanent versus timing component depends on the geography and that decline in corporate tax rates reduces impact of tax subsidies on profitability. Our findings suggest that tax subsidies play a different role than in 1968-1985, which was examined by Wilkie (1992). These results are consistent with the race-to-the-bottom hypothesis and income shifting explanation

Ageing and Employability. Evidence from Belgian Firm-Level Data

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Rigo ◽  
Vincent Vandenberghe ◽  
Fábio Waltenberg
Keyword(s):  
Firm Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Firm Level Data

scholarly journals Who Really Benefits from Consumption Tax Cuts? Evidence from a Large VAT Reform in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Benzarti ◽  
Dorian Carloni
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Employment Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Price Effects ◽  
Firm Level Data ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Firm Owners

This paper evaluates the incidence of a large cut in value-added taxes (VATs) for French sit-down restaurants in 2009. In contrast to previous studies, which only focus on the price effects of VAT reforms, we estimate the effects of the VAT cut on four groups: workers, firm owners, consumers, and suppliers of material goods. Using a difference-in-differences strategy on firm-level data, we find that: firm owners pocketed more than 55 percent of the VAT cut; consumers, sellers of material goods, and employees shared the remaining windfall with consumers benefiting the least; and the employment effects were limited. (JEL H22, H25, L83)

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