scholarly journals Regional Spillovers and Spatial Heterogeneity in Matching Workers and Employers in Germany

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhold Kosfeld
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Job Matching ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Search Intensity ◽  
Cyclical Pattern ◽  
Matching Efficiency ◽  
The Business Cycle

SummaryWhen job search takes place across labour markets, the standard flow approach to labour market analysis fails to uncover the effectiveness at which workers are matched to available jobs. A spatially augmented matching function is backed by a spatial search model with endogenous search intensity. Recent studies deal with the issue of spatial externalities by assuming the process of job matching to be homogenous across space. This study shows that this supposition is not valid for the unified Germany. Particularly differences in labour mobility give reason for the existence of West-East regimes of the matching process. Spatial heterogeneity is additionally found on the level of German macroregions. Though matching efficiency is affected by labour market characteristics, its cyclical pattern is closely related to business cycle fluctuations. Variation of regional mismatch over the business cycle can only explain a relatively small fraction of matching efficiency.

Reforming the Labour Market in Good and Bad Times

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Gehrke ◽  
Enzo Weber
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Markov Switching ◽  
Matching Theory ◽  
Market Reforms ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Labour Market Reforms ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Business Cycle

This chapter discusses how the effects of structural labour market reforms depend on whether the economy is in expansion or recession. Based on an empirical time series model with Markov switching that draws on search and matching theory, we propose a novel identification of reform outcomes and distinguish the effects of structural reforms that increase the flexibility of the labour market in distinct phases of the business cycle. We find in applications to Germany and Spain that reforms which are implemented in recessions have weaker expansionary effects in the short run. For policymakers, these results emphasize the costs of introducing labour market reforms in recessions.

scholarly journals Job Search Behavior over the Business Cycle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Mukoyama ◽  
Christina Patterson ◽  
Aysegul Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Search Behavior ◽  
Job Search Behavior ◽  
The Business Cycle

Regional matching (in)efficiency on the Croatian labour market

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Matching Efficiency ◽  
Demand Fluctuations ◽  
Stage Estimation ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Estimation

This article investigates the efficiency of the matching process by panel stochastic frontier estimation of the matching function in Croatia. The empirical analysis is conducted on a regional level using regional office-level monthly data obtained from the Croatian Employment Service for 2000–2011. The results suggest that the efficiency of the matching process is rising over time, although with significant regional variations. In order to explore these variations, structural characteristics of the labour market together with some policy variables are included in the second-stage estimation. Various structural variables have different impact on the matching efficiency, while policy variables are mostly positively correlated with it. For instance, both active labour market programs and the number of high-skilled employees in regional employment offices positively affect matching efficiency. Additionally, when regional income per capita is included in the model, it shows positive impact on the matching efficiency, indicating that demand fluctuations predominantly affect the matching process. Finally, in order to get consistent estimates, panel stochastic frontier model transformation is applied. The obtained results show that there is no major difference in estimated mean technical efficiency coefficients in comparison to the original estimation.

scholarly journals The role of spillovers in Okun’s law: Empirical evidence from Spain

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
José Villaverde ◽  
Adolfo Maza
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Temporary Workers ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Spatial Panel ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
The Business Cycle

The Great Recession of the late 2000s has brought to the fore, once again, the relevance of the relationship between output performance and labour market developments all over the world. This paper analyses the validity of Okun?s law in Spain by using regional data from 2000 to 2014, which roughly encompasses a complete business cycle. By estimating a Spatial Panel Durbin Model, the results not only show that a robust, inverse relationship between unemployment and output holds for Spain but also the existence of regional spillovers (indirect effects). In addition, they reveal that there are no time asymmetries between the expansion and recession phases of the business cycle and that human capital, the share of the construction sector, and the share of temporary workers are key factors in explaining unemployment changes. From a policy perspective, our findings support the idea of implementing region-specific policies, since indirect effects are less relevant than direct ones. In any case, national policies would also be effective. These policies, whatever their scope, should be mainly supply-side oriented in expansions (largely labour market policies) and demand-side focused in contractions.

Venezuela

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Business Cycle ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Early Years ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
The Business Cycle

Venezuela experienced slow economic growth during the 2000s. The economy suffered a recession in the early years of the period and during the international crisis of 2008, but most labour market indicators improved and moved along with the business cycle over the period. The chapter shows that the only indicators that did not improve were the composition of employment by occupational position and the percentage of workers registered with social security, which remained essentially unchanged. Most of the labour market indicators were affected negatively by the international crisis, and some of them had not recovered their pre-crisis levels by 2012.

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