Word recognition in a language with multiple orthographies: A semantic masked-priming study of L1 Mandarin learners of L3 Japanese

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-255
Author(s):  
Seth Goss
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Priming Paradigm

Abstract This study explored the organization of the multilingual lexicon in L3 learners of Japanese from an L1 Mandarin Chinese background. Using a masked-priming paradigm, it examined whether native-language translations of Japanese words facilitated the recognition of native-morpheme hiragana words and katakana-script loanwords to a similar degree. Participants performed a lexical decision task on a series of hiragana and katakana words, which were preceded by three prime types: noncognate translations, same-script duplicates, and unrelated words. Results showed an equal magnitude of priming from L1 translations for L3 Japanese targets in both scripts, suggesting that conceptual information is made rapidly available for word recognition via an L1 prime. However, priming in the same-script duplicate condition differed numerically between hiragana and katakana, indicating that lower-familiarity katakana loanwords are not activated as rapidly as words in the more-familiar hiragana script. Findings are discussed in relation to models of the multilingual lexicon.

scholarly journals Semantic interpretability does not influence masked priming effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-867
Author(s):  
Hayley Tseng ◽  
Shane Lindsay ◽  
Colin J Davis
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Priming Paradigm

Much of the recent masked nonword priming literature demonstrates no difference in priming between affixed and non-affixed nonword primes (e.g., maskity-MASK vs. maskond-MASK). A possible explanation for the absence of a difference is that studies have used affixed primes which were semantically uninterpretable. Therefore, this explanation indicates semantic interpretability plays a fundamental role in masked priming. To test this account, we conducted an experiment using the masked priming paradigm in the lexical decision task. We compared responses with targets which were preceded by one of four primes types: (1) interpretable affixed nonwords (e.g., maskless-MASK), (2) uninterpretable affixed nonwords (e.g., maskity-MASK), (3) non-affixed nonwords (e.g., maskond-MASK), and (4) unrelated words (e.g., tubeful-MASK). Our results follow the trend of finding no difference between affixed and non-affixed primes. Critically, however, we observed no difference in priming between uninterpretable and interpretable affixed primes. Thus, our results suggest that semantic interpretability does not influence masked priming.

The Interaction of Word Frequency and Stimulus Quality in the Lexical Decision Task: Now you See It, Now you Don't

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Stimulus Quality ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
Two Factors

Two experiments are reported that examined the joint effects of word frequency and stimulus quality in the context of a lexical decision task. In the first experiment the interval between response to a stimulus and onset of the next stimulus was 0.8 sec, and the effect of the two factors was additive. In the second this interval was 3.3 sec, and the effect of reducing stimulus quality was greater for infrequent words than for frequent words. This is similar to the result of Norris (1984). The inability of current models of word recognition to explain this finding is discussed.

Vocabulary skill: single-case assessment of automaticity of word recognition in a timed lexical decision task

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Segalowitz ◽  
Vivien Watson ◽  
Sidney Segalowitz
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Single Case ◽  
English Word ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Vocabulary Assessment ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Assessment Research

This study illustrates, in the context of vocabulary assessment research, a procedure for analysing a single subject's variability of response times (RTs) in a simple, timed lexical decision task. Following the interpretation developed in Segalowitz and Segalowitz (1993) for RT variability as reflection of the automatic/controlled nature of underlying processing mechanisms, it was possible to draw conclusions about the extent to which second language English word recognition in this subject was subserved by automatic as opposed to controlled processes. The study also examined the development of automaticity in word recognition skill for a small, selected vocabulary as a function of reading experience during a three-week testing period. The general implications of this methodology for assessing vocabulary skill in a single case are discussed.

scholarly journals The Omission of Accent Marks Does Not Hinder Word Recognition: Evidence From Spanish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marcet ◽  
María Fernández-López ◽  
Melanie Labusch ◽  
Manuel Perea
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Semantic Categorization ◽  
Blocked Design

Recent research has found that the omission of accent marks in Spanish does not produce slower word identification times in go/no-go lexical decision and semantic categorization tasks [e.g., cárcel (prison) = carcel], thus suggesting that vowels like á and a are represented by the same orthographic units during word recognition and reading. However, there is a discrepant finding with the yes/no lexical decision task, where the words with the omitted accent mark produced longer response times than the words with the accent mark. In Experiment 1, we examined this discrepant finding by running a yes/no lexical decision experiment comparing the effects for words and non-words. Results showed slower response times for the words with omitted accent mark than for those with the accent mark present (e.g., cárcel < carcel). Critically, we found the opposite pattern for non-words: response times were longer for the non-words with accent marks (e.g., cárdil > cardil), thus suggesting a bias toward a “word” response for accented items in the yes/no lexical decision task. To test this interpretation, Experiment 2 used the same stimuli with a blocked design (i.e., accent mark present vs. omitted in all items) and a go/no-go lexical decision task (i.e., respond only to “words”). Results showed similar response times to words regardless of whether the accent mark was omitted (e.g., cárcel = carcel). This pattern strongly suggests that the longer response times to words with an omitted accent mark in yes/no lexical decision experiments are a task-dependent effect rather than a genuine reading cost.

Effects of Social Loafing on Word Recognition

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc E. Pratarelli ◽  
Jeff A. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Social Loafing ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Priming Condition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Computer Based

This study investigated performance on a lexical decision task as a function of whether subjects were tested individually or in a group session. The social loafing construct was examined as a possible explanation for reduced performance when subjects were not individually tested. Two groups of 44 subjects were tested using a computer-based version of a lexical decision task in which target words and nonwords were responded to as fast as possible. The main effect of group versus individual administration was significant. While both groups showed significant graphemic priming and a significant effect between words and nonwords, there was no significant interaction between group and priming condition. These results suggest that the negative effects of social loafing are strictly additive and do not appear to interact with automatic processes recruited during word recognition.

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