Changes in cellular immune responses of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) due to pyriproxyfen treatment

Abstract The effects of pyriproxyfen were determined on the cellular immunity and phenoloxidase activity in the 4th instar larvae of Chilo suppressalis Walker. The bioassay results revealed the effective concentrations of: 10L : 18C, 30L : 72C and 50L : 190C μg · ml−1. The sole effect of 18 and 72 μg · ml−1 concentrations at intervals of 1–3 h caused a higher number of total hemocytes in the treated larvae than the control, but the reverse results were observed after 6–24 h. The number of plasmatocytes was lower than that of the control for intervals of 3–24 h but the number of granulocytes was higher than the control after 1–3 h although no significant differences were observed at the other times. In the treated larvae, the activities of phenoloxidase were higher and lower than those of the control after 1–3 h and 6–24 h, respectively. The combined effects of pyriproxyfen and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana isolate B3 caused higher numbers of total hemocytes, plasmatocytes, and granulocytes in the treated larvae by use of the three concentrations of pyriproxyfen, at intervals of 6 and 12 h. Although the numbers of nodules in the larvae treated with concentrations of 18 μg · ml−1 were higher than those of other treatments, the overall numbers were lower than those of the control. Finally, the activity of phenoloxidase in the treated larvae was higher than that of the control, at intervals of 6 and 12 h post-treatment. Findings of the current study indicate an intervening role of pyriproxyfen in the cellular immunity of C. suppressalis to entomopathogenic objects.

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Review: Cellular immune responses to intracellular parasites: role of the major histocompatibility gene complex and thymus in determining immune responsiveness and susceptibility to disease

Parasite Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3024.1979.tb00698.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 91-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R.M. ZINKERNAGEL

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Immune Responsiveness ◽

Gene Complex ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Intracellular Parasites ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Major Histocompatibility Gene

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The Role of Inflammasomes in Adjuvant-Driven Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses

Immunopotentiators in Modern Vaccines ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00002-5 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 23-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Muñoz-Wolf ◽

S. McCluskey ◽

E.C. Lavelle

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

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THE ROLE OF HUMORAL ANTIBODIES IN REJECTION OF SKIN HOMOGRAFTS IN RABBITS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.114.4.509 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 509-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Roberto R. Kretschmer ◽

Ruy Peréz-Tamayo

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Skin Graft ◽

Local Administration ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Antibodies ◽

Skin Homograft ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Control Skin

Gross and microscopic observations of skin homograft rejection carried out in cortisone-conditioned and non-conditioned rabbits seem to indicate that humoral antibodies play an important role in the phenomenon. Thus, local administration of isoimmune serum to animals bearing skin homografts resulted in a significantly earlier rejection of that particular test graft without modifying the course of a neighboring control-skin graft. This result appears to support the idea that homograft rejection is not only due to cellular antibodies but to a combination of both humoral and cellular immune responses, which should not be regarded as completely unrelated.

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Detection of a gamma interferon-induced protein IP-10 in psoriatic plaques.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.168.3.941 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 168 (3) ◽

pp. 941-948 ◽

Cited By ~ 167

Author(s):

A B Gottlieb ◽

A D Luster ◽

D N Posnett ◽

D M Carter

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Cdna Probe ◽

Gamma Interferon ◽

Activated T Cells ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Hla Dr ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

Dermal Infiltrate ◽

Cellular Immune

The pathologic features of psoriatic plaques are inflammation and increased epidermal turnover. IP-10, a cytokine the expression of which is induced by gamma-interferon, is a member of a family of soluble mediators with inflammatory and growth-promoting activities. IP-10 protein was detected in keratinocytes and the dermal infiltrate from active psoriatic plaques using an affinity-purified rabbit anti-IP-10 antibody in immunoperoxidase studies. Successful treatment of active plaques decreased IP-10 expression in plaques. These results were corroborated by Northern blot analysis with an IP-10 cDNA probe. We have previously detected activated T cells and HLA-DR keratinocytes in active psoriatic plaques. Since IP-10 is detected in delayed cellular immune responses, the present study further points to the role of ongoing cellular immune responses in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

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Reduced schedule of human anti rabies immunization with Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651989000100005 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carlos Roberto Zanetti ◽

Silvana Regina Favoretto ◽

Milene Silva Tino ◽

Avelino Albas ◽

Elizabeth Juliana G. Valentini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

The Other ◽

Double Dose ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Lymphoblastic Transformation ◽

Cellular Immune

The present study evaluates the humoral and cellular immune responses in 35 volunteers submited to short antirabies vaccination schedules with the Fuenzalida & Palacios vaccine based on the administration of doses on non consecutive days. The volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group received a total number of five doses given on days 0, 4, 7, 20 and 35. The other group received four doses, the first one being a double dose given on day 0 and than three other single doses on days 7, 20 and 35. The evaluation of humoral immune response was carried out by serum neutralization (SN) and indirect immunofluorescense (IIF) tests, while the cellular immune response was evaluated by lymphoblastic transformation assay (LTA) and skin test (ST). According to our results these reduced schedules elicited early and effective humoral and cellulafimmune responses to rabies antigen suggesting that new reduced schedules should be extensively studied in order to give the proper bases to the proposition of changes in the current long-term schedule.

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Hemocyte-hemocyte adhesion by granulocytes is associated with cellular immunity in the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-54484-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Youngwoo Cho ◽

Saeyoull Cho

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immunity ◽

Post Infection ◽

Plasma Membranes ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Size And Morphology ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Unique Mechanism

AbstractIn this study, more than 1,000 cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) hemocytes were classified based on their size and morphology. These hemocytes were classified into six types: granulocytes, plasmatocytes, prohemocytes, spherulocytes, coagulocytes, and oenocytoids. Hemocyte cultures was observed in real time to determine which hemocytes were associated with cellular immune responses against potential pathogens. Granulocytes were identified as the professional immune cell that mediates nodulation, encapsulation, and phagocytosis of pathogens. Granulocytes have been shown to actively produce various sticky nets (amoeba-like hairs and extracellular traps) from their plasma membranes that they use to gather other hemocytes and to implement cellular immune responses. The activation of lysosomes in granulocytes started at 4 h, peaked at 12 h, and returned to baseline by 24 h post-infection. At 48 h post-infection, cells could be found within the cytoplasm of granulocytes and reactivated lysosomes surrounding these cells were visible. This result seems to reflect a phenomenon in which necrotic granulocytes are removed by other healthy granulocytes. This unique mechanism of cellular immunity is therefore a way to efficiently and effectively remove pathogens and simultaneously maintain healthy hemocytes.

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A highly specific assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients

10.1101/2020.08.10.20150060 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Henning Zelba ◽

David Worbs ◽

Johannes Harter ◽

Natalia Pieper ◽

Christina Kyzirakos-Feger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Cd8 T Cells ◽

Functional Markers ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Humoral Immune Responses ◽

Cellular Immune

Gaining detailed insights into the role of host immune responses in viral clearance is critical for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and future treatment strategies. While studies analyzing humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 were available rather early during the pandemic, cellular immunity came into focus of investigations just recently. For the present work, we have adapted a protocol, designed for the detection of rare neoantigen-specific Memory T cells in cancer patients for studying cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Both, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected after 6 days of in vitro expansion using overlapping peptide libraries representing the whole viral protein. The assay readout was an Intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric analysis detecting four functional markers simultaneously (CD154, TNF, IL-2, IFN-γ). We were able to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in 9 of 9 COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms. All patients had reactive T cells against at least one of 12 analyzed viral antigens and all patients had Spike-specific T cells. While some antigens were detected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Membrane protein was mainly recognized by CD4+ T cells. Strikingly, we were not able to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in 9 unexposed healthy individuals. We are presenting a highly specific protocol for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. Our data confirmed the important role of cellular immune responses in understanding SARS-CoV-2 clearance. We showed that Spike is the most immunogenic antigen. We have introduced Membrane protein as interesting target for studying humoral immune responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients.

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