scholarly journals Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Małecka ◽  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Wojciech Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractScots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.

Do decomposing Scots pine, Norway spruce, and silver birch stems retain nitrogen?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 3047-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Leena Finér
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
N Pool

The contents of nitrogen (N) have generally been observed to increase in the early stages of decomposition in coarse woody debris and then to decrease slowly. This is potentially an important mechanism of nutrient retention in ecosystems after disturbances. We studied N dynamics in decomposing Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth.) stems in Finland. The oldest stems had decomposed for 34 (spruce and birch) or 45 (pine) years. Concentrations of N in both fallen logs and standing snags increased and C/N ratios decreased with time, and birch had significantly higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios than pine and spruce. Even though increased N contents were observed in some cases, N was generally already released in the early stages of decomposition and more rapidly from birch than from conifers. Based on model analysis, from 40% (pine and spruce) to 50% (birch) of initial N was released within 30 years. The results suggest that decomposing stems of especially Scots pine and Norway spruce retain N rather effectively in boreal forest ecosystems and form a long-term, small but steady N pool with a slow release rate.

scholarly journals Sheltering Role of Well-Decayed Conifer Logs for Forest Floor Fungi in Long-Term Polluted Boreal Forests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Mikryukov ◽  
Olesya V. Dulya ◽  
Igor E. Bergman ◽  
Georgiy A. Lihodeevskiy ◽  
Anzhelika D. Loginova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Industrial Emissions

Coarse woody debris (CWD) provides food and shelter to a large proportion of forest biota and is considered vital for biodiversity during periods of harsh weather. However, its importance in long-term stressed ecosystems remains largely unknown. In this work, we explored the contribution of CWD to fungal diversity along the gradient of boreal forest degradation caused by 77 years of heavy industrial emissions. We analyzed the diversity and composition of fungi in 270 samples of well-decayed Picea abies and Abies sibirica logs, as well as forest litter both adjacent to and distant from the logs. Compared with forest litter, the wood had higher water content and possessed substantially lower concentrations of heavy metals, which suggests its potential favorability for biota in polluted areas. The pollution-induced loss of fungal diversity in forest litter reached 34% and was stronger in the microhabitats not influenced by CWD. Meanwhile, wood fungal communities lost less than 10% of their total richness and even increased in alpha diversity. These processes led to the diversity and compositional convergence of fungal communities from different microhabitats and substrates in polluted areas. Despite this, the importance of wood and CWD-influenced microhabitats for fungal diversity maintenance was low. Apart from wood-associated fungi, the taxa whose diversity increased in the wood of polluted areas were ectomycorrhizal fungi and eurytopic soil saprotrophs (Mucoromycota, Mortierellomycota, Eurotiomycetes, and Helotiales) that easily tolerate highly toxic litter. Within the majority of pollution-sensitive soil saprotrophic groups, only terricolous Tricholomataceae benefit from CWD as microrefugia. Upon considering the ecological variability within low-rank taxa, the importance of decayed logs as safe sites can be high for certain soil-inhabiting fungal groups in polluted areas.

Effects of long-term CO2 fumigation on fungal communities in a temperate forest soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 2244-2247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Qiang Zheng ◽  
Shi Jie Han ◽  
Fei Rong Ren ◽  
Yu Mei Zhou ◽  
Xing Bo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities

scholarly journals Vertical and seasonal dynamics of fungal communities in boreal Scots pine forest soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. fiw170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Santalahti ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Ari Jumpponen ◽  
Taina Pennanen ◽  
Jussi Heinonsalo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

Long-term decomposition of successive organic strata in a nitrogen saturated Scots pine forest soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P Berg ◽  
J.P Kniese ◽  
R Zoomer ◽  
H.A Verhoef
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Forest Soil

scholarly journals Communities of fungi in decomposed wood of oak and pine

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Andrzej Mazur ◽  
Andrzej Łabędzki ◽  
Robert Kuźmiński ◽  
Piotr Łakomy
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The abundance and diversity of wood decomposing fungi were investigated by isolating and cultivating filamentous fungi from wood and by detection of fruit bodies of ascomycetous and basidiomycetous fungi. The objective was to study the impact of forest management on fungi in 100-year-old oak and 87-year-old Scots pine forests in Northern Poland. Fungi were found on coarse woody debris of decayed stumps and fallen logs, boughs and branches in each of the three (managed and unmanaged) examined stands. In total, 226 species of Oomycota and fungi were recorded. Oak wood was colonized by one species of Oomycota and 141 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (103 species) and Basidiomycota (19 species). Scots pine wood was also colonized by one species of Oomycota and 138 species of fungi including Zygomycota (19 species), Ascomycota (90 species) and Basidiomycota (29 species). In the first, second and third stages of decomposition, the oak wood was colonized by 101, 89 and 56 species of fungi respectively and pine wood was colonized by 82, 103 and 47 species respectively. Eighty three of the observed species (37%) occurred on both types of wood, while the other species displayed nutritional preferences. A decrease in the number of species with advancing decay indicates the necessity for a continuous supply of dead wood to the forest ecosystem. This supply would secure the continuity of fauna and flora and guarantee a stable forest development. The nutritional and ecological preferences of many fungal species furthermore indicate the necessity of supplying the forests with wood of different species. In commercially managed forests the results obtained here will aid in: (i) the development of strategies for effective dead wood management in the context of forest productivity and future wood stock growth, as well as (ii) finding a compromise between forest management requirements and environmental protection.

Effects of post-harvest silviculture on use of boreal forest stands by amphibians and marten in Ontario

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D Thompson ◽  
James A Baker ◽  
Christopher Jastrebski ◽  
Jennifer Dacosta ◽  
John Fryxell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Rana Sylvatica ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Landscape Scales

Much of the southern boreal forest is composed of second-growth stands that have been subjected to a variety of silvicultural treatments ranging from cut and leave to scarification, planting, and tending with herbicides. We have limited understanding of the effects that these treatments may have on wildlife species, as a result of changes to forest structures and species composition. Forest amphibians, generally, and the American marten (Martes americana) are species for which there has been long-standing concern about the effects of forest management. We examined the long-term effects at stand and landscape scales of a range of silviculture intensities on these species by comparing the relative abundances of some amphibians and habitat use by marten in forests that were about 32 to 50 years old. American toads (Bufo americanus) appeared to be unaffected by long-term changes in habitat structure and composition owing to silvicultural techniques. We observed lower relative abundance of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in treated stands 20 to 30 years old than in all other stands including uncut old forests. However, abundance in treated stands more than 32 years old did not differ from untreated or uncut stands. This effect may have resulted from lower moisture levels in treated young stands. Marten seemed to positively respond to post-harvest planting and tending treatments, suggesting that basic silviculture provided habitat attributes, notably a higher conifer content, which was favourable to marten. Key words: post-harvest silviculture, marten, wood frog, American toad, herbicide, boreal, woody debris, Ontario

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