Do decomposing Scots pine, Norway spruce, and silver birch stems retain nitrogen?

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 3047-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Palviainen ◽  
Raija Laiho ◽  
Harri Mäkinen ◽  
Leena Finér
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
N Dynamics ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
N Pool

The contents of nitrogen (N) have generally been observed to increase in the early stages of decomposition in coarse woody debris and then to decrease slowly. This is potentially an important mechanism of nutrient retention in ecosystems after disturbances. We studied N dynamics in decomposing Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and silver birch ( Betula pendula Roth.) stems in Finland. The oldest stems had decomposed for 34 (spruce and birch) or 45 (pine) years. Concentrations of N in both fallen logs and standing snags increased and C/N ratios decreased with time, and birch had significantly higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios than pine and spruce. Even though increased N contents were observed in some cases, N was generally already released in the early stages of decomposition and more rapidly from birch than from conifers. Based on model analysis, from 40% (pine and spruce) to 50% (birch) of initial N was released within 30 years. The results suggest that decomposing stems of especially Scots pine and Norway spruce retain N rather effectively in boreal forest ecosystems and form a long-term, small but steady N pool with a slow release rate.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Boreal Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Seedlings to Simulated Climate Warming over Three Growing Seasons in a Controlled Field Experiment

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Katri Nissinen ◽  
Virpi Virjamo ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Laura Pikkarainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Simulated Climate ◽  
Shoot And Root Biomass

We studied the growth responses of boreal Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) seedlings to simulated climate warming of an average of 1.3 °C over the growing season in a controlled field experiment in central Finland. We had six replicate plots for elevated and ambient temperature for each tree species. The warming treatment lasted for the conifers for three growing seasons and for the birch two growing seasons. We measured the height and diameter growth of all the seedlings weekly during the growing season. The shoot and root biomass and their ratios were measured annually in one-third of seedlings harvested from each plot in autumn. After two growing seasons, the height, diameter and shoot biomass were 45%, 19% and 41% larger in silver birch seedlings under the warming treatment, but the root biomass was clearly less affected. After three growing seasons, the height, diameter, shoot and root biomass were under a warming treatment 39, 47, 189 and 113% greater in Scots pine, but the root:shoot ratio 29% lower, respectively. The corresponding responses of Norway spruce to warming were clearly smaller (e.g., shoot biomass 46% higher under a warming treatment). As a comparison, the relative response of height growth in silver birch was after two growing seasons equal to that measured in Scots pine after three growing seasons. Based on our findings, especially silver birch seedlings, but also Scots pine seedlings benefitted from warming, which should be taken into account in forest regeneration in the future.

scholarly journals The effects of soil and air temperature on CO2 exchange and net biomass accumulation in Norway spruce, Scots pine and silver birch seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 724-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pumpanen ◽  
J. Heinonsalo ◽  
T. Rasilo ◽  
J. Villemot ◽  
H. Ilvesniemi
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Silver Birch

scholarly journals Estimation of crown and canopy cover from airborne lidar data

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mait Lang
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data

Metsa katvuse ja liituse hindamine lennukilt laserskanneriga Tests were carried out in mature Scots pine, Norway spruce and Silver birch stands at Järvselja, Estonia, to estimate canopy cover (K) and crown cover (L) from airborne lidar data. Independent estimates Kc and Lc for K and L were calculated from the Cajanus tube readings made on the ground at 1.3 m height. Lidar data based cover estimates depended on the inclusion of different order returns significantly. In all the stands first order return based estimate K1 was biased positively (3-10%) at the reference height of 1.3 m compared to ground measurements. All lidar based estimates decreased with increasing the reference height. Single return (Ky) and all return (Kk) based canopy cover estimates depended more on the sand structure compared to K1. The ratio of all return count to the first return count D behaved like crown cover estimate in all stands. However, in spruce stand D understimated Lc significantly. In the Scots pine stand K1(1.3) = 0.7431 was most similar canopy cover estimate relative to the ground estimate Kc = 0,7362 whereas Ky(1.3) and Kk(1.3) gave significant underestimates (>15%) of K. Caused by the simple structure of Scots pine stand - only one layer pine trees, the Cajanus tube based canopy cover (Kc), crown cover (Lc) and lidar data based canopy density D(1.3) values were rather similar. In the Norway spruce stand and in the Silver birch stand second layer and regeneration trees were present. In the Silver birch stand Kk(1.3) and Ky(1.3) estimated Kc rather well. In the Norway spruce stand Ky(1.3) and K1(1.3) were the best estimators of Kc whereas Kk(1.3) underestimated canopy cover. Lidar data were found to be usable for canopy cover and crown cover assessment but the selection of the estimator is not trivial and depends on the stand structure.

scholarly journals Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Małecka ◽  
Hanna Kwaśna ◽  
Wojciech Szewczyk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

AbstractScots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists ofArmillariaorH. annosum(i.e.Clonostachys + Trichodermaspp.,Penicillium commune, P. daleae,P. janczewskii) or stimulants ofArmillaria(i.e.Pseudogymnoascus roseus,Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance ofP. commune, and locally the abundance ofP. janczewskiiincreased, whileClonostachys + Trichodermaspp., and locally,P. daleaeandT. opacumdecreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil toArmillariaandHeterobasidion.Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.

scholarly journals Effects of CMIP5 Projections on Volume Growth, Carbon Stock and Timber Yield in Managed Scots Pine, Norway Spruce and Silver Birch Stands under Southern and Northern Boreal Conditions

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith ALRahahleh ◽  
Antti Kilpeläinen ◽  
Veli-Pekka Ikonen ◽  
Harri Strandman ◽  
Ari Venäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Silver Birch ◽  
Timber Yield
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