A finite mixture latent trajectory model for modeling ultrarunners’ behavior in a 24-hour race

AbstractA finite mixture latent trajectory model is developed to study the performance and strategy of runners in a 24-h long ultra running race. The model facilitates clustering of runners based on their speed and propensity to rest and thus reveals the strategies used in the race. Inference for the adopted latent trajectory model is achieved using an expectation-maximization algorithm. Fitting the model to data from the 2013 World Championships reveals three clearly separated clusters of runners who exhibit different strategies throughout the race. The strategies show that runners can be grouped in terms of their average moving speed and their propensity to rest during the race. The effect of age and gender on the probability of belonging to each cluster is also investigated.

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Effect of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of the oral and IV omadacycline, a new class of aminomethylcyclines

10.26226/morressier.56d6be7ad462b80296c97de9 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Villano

Keyword(s):

Age And Gender ◽

New Class ◽

And Gender ◽

Effect Of Age

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An Electromyographic Study to Evaluate the Effect of Age and Gender on Masseter Muscle Activities During Chewing of Different Textured Foods

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/13.4/108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2348-2354

Author(s):

Sarvesh Rustagi

Keyword(s):

Masseter Muscle ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Effect Of Age

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Effect of Aging, Gender and Sensory Stimulation of TRPV1 Receptors with Capsaicin on Spontaneous Swallowing Frequency in Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 461

Author(s):

Weslania Nascimento ◽

Noemí Tomsen ◽

Saray Acedo ◽

Cristina Campos-Alcantara ◽

Christopher Cabib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oropharyngeal Dysphagia ◽

Sensory Stimulation ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Brainstem Reflex ◽

Trpv1 Receptors ◽

Volume Viscosity ◽

And Gender ◽

Effect Of Age ◽

Stimulation Of

Spontaneous swallowing contributes to airway protection and depends on the activation of brainstem reflex circuits in the central pattern generator (CPG). We studied the effect of age and gender on spontaneous swallowing frequency (SSF) in healthy volunteers and assessed basal SSF and TRPV1 stimulation effect on SSF in patients with post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD). The effect of age and gender on SSF was examined on 141 healthy adult volunteers (HV) divided into three groups: GI—18–39 yr, GII—40–59 yr, and GIII—>60 yr. OD was assessed by the Volume–Viscosity Swallowing Test (VVST). The effect of sensory stimulation with capsaicin 10−5 M (TRPV1 agonist) was evaluated in 17 patients with post-stroke OD, using the SSF. SSF was recorded in all participants during 10 min using surface electromyography (sEMG) of the suprahyoid muscles and an omnidirectional accelerometer placed over the cricothyroid cartilage. SSF was significantly reduced in GII (0.73 ± 0.50 swallows/min; p = 0.0385) and GIII (0.50 ± 0.31 swallows/min; p < 0.0001) compared to GI (1.03 ± 0.62 swallows/min), and there was a moderate significant correlation between age and SFF (r = −0.3810; p < 0.0001). No effect of gender on SSF was observed. Capsaicin caused a strong and significant increase in SSF after the TRPV1 stimulation when comparing to basal condition (pre-capsaicin: 0.41 ± 0.32 swallows/min vs post-capsaicin: 0.81 ± 0.51 swallow/min; p = 0.0003). OD in patients with post-stroke OD and acute stimulation with TRPV1 agonists caused a significant increase in SSF, further suggesting the potential role of pharmacological stimulation of sensory pathways as a therapeutic strategy for CPG activation in patients with OD.

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