scholarly journals Contamination of raw bivalve molluscs available in Poland between 2009 and 2013 with marine biotoxins

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Michalski ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Blue Mussels ◽  
Marine Biotoxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction: Growing consumption of shellfish is associated with an increased risk of food poisoning. The study was carried out on live bivalve molluscs available on the Polish market between 2009 and 2013. Material and Methods: ELISA was used for the determination of the following marine biotoxins: paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), amnaesic shellfish poison (ASP), and diarrhoeic shellfish poison (DSP). The molluscs, of which seven species were examined, were obtained from wholesale companies and markets. Results: Marine biotoxins were detected below the permitted levels in 67.6% of the samples. The maximum amounts of PSP and ASP biotoxins were found in great scallops (532.6 μg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg respectively) and the peak for DSP was in blue mussels (107 μg/kg). Conclusion: The analysis of toxicological status of raw bivalve molluscs available on the market in Poland indicates that they are safe for consumers.

scholarly journals Microbiological and Marine Biotoxins Contamination of Raw Bivalve Molluscs Commercially Available in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Pomykała ◽  
Mirosław Michalski ◽  
Artur Jóźwik ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Marine Biotoxins ◽  
Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

Abstract The study was carried out on live bivalve molluscs available on Polish market. Microbiological tests were performed for the presence of Salmonella sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, spore-forming anaerobe bacteria, and coagulase-positive Staphylococcus sp., and for the enumeration of Escherichia coli. ELISA was used for the determination of marine biotoxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), and diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Microbiological examinations were performed according to ISO and Polish Standards. Salmonella sp. was not detected in any sample tested. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified in 9.0% of the samples. V. parahaemolyticus was isolated from 17.0% of mussels. Shellfish were highly contaminated by anaerobes, which were isolated from 68.0% of the samples. The number of E. coli ranged from <2.0 x 101 up to >1.8 x 104 MPN/100 g. The majority of mussels were free from the marine biotoxins tested or contained them bellow the permitted level. The analysis of microbiological and toxicological status of raw bivalve molluscs available on Polish market indicates that they are generally safe for the consumers.

scholarly journals Occurrence of marine biotoxins in bivalve molluscs available in Poland in 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Madejska ◽  
Jacek Osek
Keyword(s):  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Marine Biotoxins ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Abstract Introduction Marine biotoxins are toxic substances that may cause illness and death in marine organisms and humans. This article disseminates the results of a 4-year study on the occurrence of marine biotoxins in raw bivalve molluscs purchased from Polish suppliers. Material and Methods A total of 256 samples of 8 different molluscs species were analysed for the presence of biotoxins using the ELISA method for paralytic shellfish poison, diarrhoetic shellfish poison, and amnaesic shellfish poison. Results The permitted limits of marine biotoxin content were not exceeded in any of the analysed samples and the majority of them were free from these compounds. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that the tested raw bivalve molluscs available in Poland were safe for consumers.

Assessment of a Semiquantitative Liquid Chromatography- Fluorescence Detection Method for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxin Levels in Bivalve Molluscs from Great Britain

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D Turner ◽  
Monika Dhanji-Rapkova ◽  
Clothilde Baker ◽  
Myriam Algoet
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Bivalve Molluscs ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Abstract AOAC Official Method 2005.06 precolumn oxidation LC-fluorescence detection method has been used for many years for the detection and quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins in bivalve molluscs. After extensive single- and multiple-laboratory validation, the method has been slowly gaining acceptance worldwide as a useful and practical tool for official control testing. In Great Britain, the method has become routine since 2008, with no requirement since then for reverting back to the bioassay reference method. Although the method has been refined to be semiautomated, faster, and more reproducible, the quantitation step can be complex and time-consuming. An alternative approach was developed to utilize the qualitative screening results for generatinga semiquantitative results assessment. Data obtained over 5 years enabled the comparison of semiquantitative and fully quantitative PSP results in over 15 000 shellfish samples comprising eight different species showed that the semiquantitative approach resulted in over-estimated paralytic shellfish toxin levels by an average factor close to two in comparison with the fully quantified levels. No temporal trends were observed in the data or relating to species type, with the exception of surf clams. The comparison suggested a semiquantitative threshold of 800 μg saxitoxin (STX) eq/kg should provide a safe limitfor the determination of samples to be forwarded to full quantitation. However, the decision was taken to halve this limit to include an additional safety factor of 2, resulting in the use of a semiquantitative threshold of 400 μg STX eq/kg. Implementation of the semiquantitative method into routine testing would result in a significant reduction in the numbers of samples requiring quantitation and have a positive impact on the overall turnaround of reported PSP results. The refined method would be appropriate for any monitoring laboratory faced with high throughput requirements.

Paralytic Shellfish Poison reference materials: An intercomparison of methods for the determination of saxitoxin

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Van Egmond ◽  
H. J. van den Top ◽  
W. E. Paulsch ◽  
X. Goenaga ◽  
M. R. Vieytes
Keyword(s):  
Reference Materials ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

A Colorimetric Method for Determination of Saxitoxin

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Gershey ◽  
R. A. Nevé ◽  
D. L. Musgrave ◽  
P. B. Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Cleanup Procedure

Saxitoxin, the paralytic shellfish poison, can be conveniently determined by colorimetry after hydrogen peroxide oxidation and reaction of the resultant guanidine with biacetyl. This colorimetric method has been used to assay saxitoxin quantitatively at concentrations down to 0.5 μg/ml. Saxitoxin levels in the Alaskan butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea) have also been determined by this test coupled with a preliminary chromatographic cleanup procedure. Key words: saxitoxin, paralytic shellfish poison, colorimetry, Alaskan butter clam (Saxidomus gigantea)

A Modified Jaffe Test for Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poison

1959 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
E F McFarren ◽  
E J Schantz ◽  
J E Campbell ◽  
K H Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Chemical Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poison in Clams

1958 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-177
Author(s):  
E F McFarren ◽  
E J Schantz ◽  
J E Campbell ◽  
K H Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Chemical Determination
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