Range Detection of the Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Produced by Laptop’s AC Adapter

Abstract Human exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field represents a risk to their health. This paper takes into consideration the level of an extremely low-frequency magnetic field between 30 and 300 Hz emitted by an AC laptop adapter. The experiment consists of testing 17 different AC adapters for laptops. During the testing, laptops are operated in a normal operating conditions as well as under heavy load. The magnetic field measurement is conducted in the area around the AC adapter. Obtained data is evaluated according to the critical level of the magnetic field proposed by safety standards. Furthermore, data is classified by a K-medians method in order to determine the critical levels of the magnetic field exposure in the nearby area of the AC adapter. Obtained classifications are evaluated according to safety standards, giving a critical analysis of magnetic field areas at risk. Due to emission of a very strong magnetic field in certain areas, a recommendation for safety use of the AC adapter is proposed.

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Classification of the Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field Radiation Measurement from the Laptop Computers

Measurement Science Review ◽

10.1515/msr-2015-0028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 202-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Darko Brodić ◽

Alessia Amelio

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Laptop Computers ◽

Safety Standards ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Operation Conditions ◽

Frequency Magnetic Field ◽

The Magnetic Field

Abstract The paper considers the level of the extremely low-frequency magnetic field, which is produced by laptop computers. The magnetic field, which is characterized by extremely low frequencies up to 300 Hz is measured due to its hazardous effects to the laptop user's health. The experiment consists of testing 13 different laptop computers in normal operation conditions. The measuring of the magnetic field is performed in the adjacent neighborhood of the laptop computers. The measured data are presented and then classified. The classification is performed by the K-Medians method in order to determine the critical positions of the laptop. At the end, the measured magnetic field values are compared with the critical values suggested by different safety standards. It is shown that some of the laptop computers emit a very strong magnetic field. Hence, they must be used with extreme caution.

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Exposure of adults to extremely low frequency magnetic field in France: results of the EXPERS study

Radioprotection ◽

10.1051/radiopro/2019032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 39-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. Magne ◽

M. Souques ◽

L. Courouve ◽

A. Duburcq ◽

E. Remy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Personal Exposure ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Field Exposure ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Measurement Protocol ◽

Main Variable ◽

Frequency Magnetic Field ◽

The Magnetic Field

Assessing the exposure of adults to magnetic field is a central point in the context of epidemiological studies. The EXPERS study is the first study at national scale in Europe with measurements of personal exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields, involving 1046 French adults with 24 h personal measurements. The proportion of adults with a 24 h AM of ≥ 1 µT was 2.1% for all adults and 0.3% for adults for which no alarm clock was identified, as this requirement of the measurement protocol was sometimes not respected. The alarm clocks were the main variable linked to the adults’ exposure measurements. The vicinity of the home to a high voltage power line increased the magnetic field exposure. However, only 1.7% of the adults were living close to a 63 to 400 kV overhead line, and only one of them had a personal exposure ≥ 1 μT with an AM of 1.1 μT. The exposure of adults was also correlated with some characteristics of the home and its environment, and some durations of activities, such as the duration of work and the duration in rail transport. The distribution of adults’ personal exposure was significantly different from the distribution of exposure during sleep, and from the distribution of exposure assessed from measurements during sleep and work. This highlights the complexity of the exposure assessment in epidemiological studies.

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Associations of Electric Shock and Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure With the Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwy287 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (4) ◽

pp. 796-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Susan Peters ◽

Anne E Visser ◽

Fabrizio D’Ovidio ◽

Ettore Beghi ◽

Adriano Chiò ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Electric Shock ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Field Exposure ◽

Magnetic Field Exposure ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Magnetic Field ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

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Assessment of extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure from GSM mobile phones

Bioelectromagnetics ◽

10.1002/bem.21827 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 210-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Carolina Calderón ◽

Darren Addison ◽

Terry Mee ◽

Richard Findlay ◽

Myron Maslanyj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Field Exposure ◽

Magnetic Field Exposure ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Magnetic Field

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Self-Organizing Map Classification of the Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Produced by Typical Tablet Computers

Measurement Science Review ◽

10.1515/msr-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 94-99

Author(s):

Darko Brodić ◽

Alessia Amelio ◽

Ivo R. Draganov

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Tablet Computers ◽

High Exposure ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Frequency Magnetic Field ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Self Organizing

Abstract In this paper, the extremely low frequency magnetic field produced by the tablet computers is explored. The measurement of the tablet computers’ magnetic field is performed by using a measuring geometry previously proposed for the laptop computers. The experiment is conducted on five Android tablet computers. The measured values of the magnetic field are compared to the widely accepted TCO safety standard. Then, the results are classified by the Self-Organizing Map method in order to create different levels of safety or danger concerning the magnetic field to which tablet computer users are exposed. Furthermore, a brief comparison of the obtained magnetic field levels with the ones from typical laptops is performed. At the end, a practical suggestion on how to avoid the high exposure to the low frequency magnetic field emitted by the tablet computers is given.

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