Diversity and biogeography of picoplankton communities from the Straits of Malacca to the South China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yu Jiang ◽  
Fu-Lin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Straits Of Malacca

AbstractMarine picoplankton, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic picoplankton, drive many biogeochemical processes, such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles, making them crucial to the marine ecosystem. Despite the fact that picoplankton is prevalent, its diversity and spatial distribution from the Straits of Malacca (SM) to the South China Sea (SCS) remain poorly investigated. This work explores the phylogenetic diversity and community structure of picoplankton in relation to environmental factors from the SM to the SCS. To this end, the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique was applied to 16S and 18S rRNA genes. The results showed significant differences in the dynamics of picoplankton between the open sea and the strait region. Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria constituted a larger part of the prokaryotic group. Within Cyanobacteria, the abundance of Prochlorococcus in the open sea was significantly higher than that of Synechococcus, while the opposite trend was observed in the strait. Dinoflagellata, Cnidaria, Retaria, Tunicata, and Arthropoda dominated among the eukaryotic taxa. High-throughput sequencing data indicated that salinity, temperature and NO2-N were the key factors determining the prokaryotic community structure, while temperature and dissolved oxygen determined the eukaryotic community structure in the studied region. The network analysis demonstrated that the cooperation and competition were also important factors affecting the picoplankton community.

How HY-2A/GM altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation: assessment in the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 1056-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengcheng Zhu ◽  
Jinyun Guo ◽  
Cheinway Hwang ◽  
Jinyao Gao ◽  
Jiajia Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Marine Gravity ◽  
Sea Surface Heights ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARY HY-2A is China's first satellite altimeter mission, launched in Aug. 2011. Its geodetic mission (GM) started from 2016 March 30 till present, collecting sea surface heights for about five 168-d cycles. To test how the HY-2A altimeter performs in marine gravity derivation, we use the least-squares collocation method to determine marine gravity anomalies on 1′ × 1′ grids around the South China Sea (covering 0°–30°N, 105°E–125°E) from the HY-2A/GM-measured geoid gradients. We assess the qualities of the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity over different depths and areas using the bias and tilt-adjusted ship-borne gravity anomalies from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) of P. R. China. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the NCEI ship-borne gravity is 5.91 mGal, and is 5.33 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived and the MNR ship-borne gravity is 2.90 mGal, and is 2.76 mGal when replacing the HY-2A value from the SIO V23.1 value. The RMS difference between the HY-2A and SIO V23.1 value is 3.57 mGal in open sea areas at least 20 km far away from the coast. In general, the difference between the HY-2A/GM-derived gravity and ship-borne gravity decreases with decreasing gravity field roughness and increasing depth. HY-2A results in the lowest gravity accuracy in areas with islands or reefs. Our assessment result suggests that HY-2A can compete with other Ku-band altimeter missions in marine gravity derivation.

Condominium Arrangements as a Legal Mechanism for the Conservation of the South China Sea Large Marine Ecosystem

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lim ◽  
Nengye Liu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The South ◽  
Governance Arrangement ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem

The South China Sea Large Marine Ecosystem is one of the world’s richest marine biodiversity areas. The sea area is however the site of increasing tensions between its ten coastal States, six of which have competing claims in the South China Sea. The expanding populations and economies of the coastal States have also resulted in the growing depletion of the Sea’s rich marine resources. Coordinated approaches are needed to protect the unique biodiversity and natural resources of the South China Sea at the appropriate ecological scale. The continuation of sovereignty disputes are detrimental to all coastal states as well as international economic interests of non-claimant states which arise as a result of the Sea’s status as a globally important trade route. This paper urges coastal states to adopt a far-sighted outlook which ensures long-term sustainable ecosystems, livelihoods and economies of the region. To do this, a shift in approach which emphasises collaborative management of marine ecosystems is required instead of a scramble for sovereignty to exclusively exploit living and non-living resources. This paper therefore explores how the shared governance arrangement of a condominium could facilitate the exercise of sovereignty for the shared benefit of all coastal States. The paper argues that the condominium approach would enable State parties to put aside thorny sovereignty disputes in favour of collaboration to protect the area’s important and unique biodiversity.

State Practices in Southeast Asia: Possible Collaboration amongst Claimants in the South China Sea Dispute

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Havas Oegroseno
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Territorial Sovereignty ◽  
Straits Of Malacca

This article considers the prospects for cooperation between the claimants in the South China Sea dispute. A number of reasons are provided to explain why the likelihood of resolving the dispute over territorial sovereignty is slim. Nonetheless, such disagreements need not stand in the way of managing the South China Sea dispute. In this regard, inspiration is sought in other practices in Southeast Asia where joint activities are conducted in areas where not all maritime boundaries and sovereignty disputes have been settled. These practices are (1) the management of the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, and (2) the Coral Triangle Initiative. The author suggests that China and the asean member states should gain first-hand information about these practices with a view to establishing comparable joint activities in the South China Sea.

Community Structure of Archaea from Deep-Sea Sediments of the South China Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Anyi Hu ◽  
Yuli Wei ◽  
Wenting Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments

New islands will harm ASEAN's marine ecosystem

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
China Sea

Subject The environmental politics of artificial island-building in the South China Sea. Significance Recent satellite photography has illustrated China's land reclamation and island-building work in the disputed Spratly islands in the South China Sea. Artificial island-building is likely to facilitate increases in the permanent population of the area. This raises the question of island-building's environmental, social and industrial implications. Impacts Extracting any South China Sea oil and gas reserves could damage maritime ecology further. If artificial island populations grow, waste management could become a problem. Mutual need to protect fishing stocks could provide an avenue for multilateral discussion on maritime disputes.

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