The 2019 Benguela Niño

High interannual sea surface temperature anomalies of more than 2°C were recorded along the coasts of Angola and Namibia between October 2019 and January 2020. This extreme coastal warm event that has been classified as a Benguela Niño, reached its peak amplitude in November 2019 in the Angola Benguela front region. In contrast to classical Benguela Niños, the 2019 Benguela Niño was generated by a combination of local and remote forcing. In September 2019, a local warming was triggered by positive anomalies of near coastal wind-stress curl leading to downwelling anomalies through Ekman dynamics off Southern Angola and by anomalously weak winds reducing the latent heat loss by the ocean south of 15°S. In addition, downwelling coastal trapped waves were observed along the African coast between mid-October 2019 and early January 2020. Those coastal trapped waves might have partly emanated from the equatorial Atlantic as westerly wind anomalies were observed in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic between end of September to early December 2019. Additional forcing for the downwelling coastal trapped waves likely resulted from an observed weakening of the prevailing coastal southerly winds along the Angolan coast north of 15°S between October 2019 and mid-February 2020. During the peak of the event, latent heat flux damped the sea surface temperature anomalies mostly in the Angola Benguela front region. In the eastern equatorial Atlantic, relaxation of cross-equatorial southerly winds might have contributed to the equatorial warming in November 2019 during the peak of the 2019 Benguela Niño. Moreover, for the first time, moored velocities off Angola (11°S) revealed a coherent poleward flow in the upper 100 m in October and November 2019 suggesting a contribution of meridional heat advection to the near-surface warming during the early stages of the Benguela Niño. During the Benguela Niño, a reduction of net primary production in the Southern Angola and Angola Benguela front regions was observed.

Electron Energization Dynamics in Interaction of Self-Generated Magnetic Vortices in Upstream of Collisionless Electron/Ion Shocks

Relativistic collisionless shocks are considered responsible for particle energization mechanisms leading to particle acceleration. While electron energization in shock front region of electron/ion collisionless shocks are the most commonly studied, the mechanism of electron energization in interaction with self-generated magnetic vortices (MVs) in upstream region is still unclear. We investigate electron energization mechanism in upstream region of electron/ion relativistic collisionless shocks, using two dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. We discuss mechanism of electron energization which takes place in upstream region of the shock, where the counter stream particles interact with incoming flow. The energy gain of electrons happens during their interaction with evolving fields of self-generated magnetic vortices in this region. Three Fermi-like electron energization scenarios are discussed. Stochastic acceleration of electrons in interaction with fields of MV leads to anisotropic heating of fast electrons due to diffusion in the momentum space of electrons and, finally, synergetic effect of evolving fields of MVs leads to the formation of a power-law tail of supra-thermal particles.

Understanding the lived experiences of dental patients with a single-tooth implant in the upper front region of the mouth: A qualitative study protocol (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED Assessment of the subjective experiences of individuals with maxillary anterior (i.e., the upper front region of the mouth) single-tooth implants is limited mainly to quantitative measurements on satisfaction with appearance. Interestingly, there is unexplained variability in the relationship between satisfaction and appearance. This will be the first qualitative study on this sector of the population to explore and have a better understanding of their satisfaction with appearance and function, as well as any other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that could be identified. A qualitative research design using interpretative phenomenology analysis (IPA) will provide an adaptable inductive research approach. The participants will be recruited to obtain consent documents, photographs, digital intraoral scans, and self-administered questionnaires, from them. The transcribed verbatim data from the participants’ audio-recorded in-depth, semi-structured one-to-one interviews will be managed, coded, and analysed thematically aided by a Computer-Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software. The IPA will consider the COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative (COREQ) guidelines when applicable. The analysis of this study will elucidate the aspects, and the value of these, that influence participant satisfaction at different dental implant treatment stages.

Management of complex palatoradicular groove in maxillary lateral incisor

Palatoradicular grooves are the developmental anomalies that owing to complexity in morphology and extent along the root length, can be an aetiology for periodontal destruction, endodontic involvement or both. We report a case of a 34 years male patient who presented with a chief complaint of pain and swelling in his upper left front region of jaw since one month. Clinical and radiographic examination confirmed presence of periodontal-endodontic lesion with respect to 22. Endodontic treatment followed by periodontal debridement, regenerative procedures, odontoplasty and sealing of the groove was done. Combined endodontic-periodontal approach was successful in resolving the pathology with satisfactory and stable healing seen clinically and radiographically for upto six months postoperative.

Villagers’ Satisfaction Indicators on Village Information System in The Front Region

This research aims at describing the process of services implementation through village information system based web and the villagers’ satisfaction from the aspects of satisfaction standardization. The method of the research was qualitative with hermeneutic phenomenology approach. It would see the texts of villagers’ life and experiences in using Village Information System Services. The data were analyzed by using van kaam model. It was found that service satisfaction of village information system in the context of individual experience identified from the staffs’ attitude, information, delivery, internal manager’s role, and time service accuracy. Based on the finding, it is recommended for the further researcher to conduct a study about the service implementation as well as e-government. The weakness of this research is that researcher conducted it in short time asking the individual’s experiences about the village service information system implementation