Relationships between the Baltic Sea ice extent and ice parameters in the sheltered basins of the southern Baltic coast

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Józef P. Girjatowicz ◽  
Małgorzata Świątek
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractIn the study, archive data on the maximum annual ice extent in the Baltic Sea (MIB) for the period 1961–2018 were used. They were obtained from the FIMR database. Data on ice parameters for the four largest southern Baltic coastal lakes: Jamno, Bukowo, Gardno and Łebsko, and for Szczecin, Puck, and Vistula Lagoons, come from the Maritime Branch of Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (in Polish: Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej – Panstwowy Instytut Badawczy, IMGW-PIB) in Gdynia. The time series for the lakes cover the years from 1960 to 2018, and for the lagoons – from 1946 to 2018. Three ice parameters were selected for this study: the number of days with ice, the duration of the ice season and the maximum ice thickness for a given winter. Relationships between the selected ice parameters for the studied basins and the MIB were examined using correlation and regression methods.Correlations between the MIB and values of the ice parameters for the lakes and the southern Baltic coastal lagoons do not differ significantly. Considerable differences are observed amongst the correlation coefficients for individual ice parameters and the MIB.Larger differences are found in relationships between the values of individual ice parameters in the sheltered basins and the MIB. The strongest correlation with the MIB is observed for the maximum ice thickness and the number of days with ice.

scholarly journals Sea-ice evaluation of NEMO-Nordic 1.0: a NEMO–LIM3.6-based ocean–sea-ice model setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3105-3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pemberton ◽  
Ulrike Löptien ◽  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Semjon Schimanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice-covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and a sensitive ecosystem. Understanding and modeling the evolution of the sea-ice pack is important for climate effect studies and forecasting purposes. Here we present and evaluate the sea-ice component of a new NEMO–LIM3.6-based ocean–sea-ice setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea region (NEMO-Nordic). The setup includes a new depth-based fast-ice parametrization for the Baltic Sea. The evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from a 45-year long hindcast, although short-term daily performance is also briefly evaluated. We show that NEMO-Nordic is well suited for simulating the mean sea-ice extent, concentration, and thickness as compared to the best available observational data set. The variability of the annual maximum Baltic Sea ice extent is well in line with the observations, but the 1961–2006 trend is underestimated. Capturing the correct ice thickness distribution is more challenging. Based on the simulated ice thickness distribution we estimate the undeformed and deformed ice thickness and concentration in the Baltic Sea, which compares reasonably well with observations.

scholarly journals Sea-ice evaluation of NEMO-Nordic 1.0: a NEMO–LIM3.6 based ocean–sea ice model setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Pemberton ◽  
Ulrike Löptien ◽  
Robinson Hordoir ◽  
Anders Höglund ◽  
Semjon Schimanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Baltic Sea is a seasonally ice covered marginal sea in northern Europe with intense wintertime ship traffic and a sensitive ecosystem. Understanding and modeling the evolution of the sea-ice pack is important for climate effect studies and forecasting purposes. Here we present and evaluate the sea-ice component of a new NEMO–LIM3.6 based ocean–sea ice setup for the North Sea and Baltic Sea region. The setup includes a new depth-based fast ice parametrization for the Baltic Sea. The evaluation focuses on long-term statistics, from a 45-year long hindcast, although short-term daily performance is also briefly evaluated. Different sea-ice metrics such as sea-ice extent, concentration and thickness are compared to the best available observational dataset to identify model biases. Overall the model agrees well with the observations in terms of the long-term mean sea-ice extent and thickness. The variability of the annual maximum Baltic Sea ice extent is well in line with the observations but the 1961–2006 trend is underestimated. Based on the simulated ice thickness distribution we estimate the undeformed and deformed ice thickness and concentration in the Baltic Sea, which compares reasonably well with observations. We conclude that the new North Sea/Baltic Sea ocean–sea ice setup is well suited for further climate studies and sea ice forecasts.

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Leśniewska ◽  
Małgorzata Witak
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Gulf Of Gdańsk ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Gulf Of Gdansk ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Changes

Holocene diatom biostratigraphy of the SW Gulf of Gdańsk, Southern Baltic Sea (part III)The palaeoenvironmental changes of the south-western part of the Gulf of Gdańsk during the last 8,000 years, with reference to the stages of the Baltic Sea, were reconstructed. Diatom analyses of two cores taken from the shallower and deeper parts of the basin enabled the conclusion to be drawn that the microflora studied developed in the three Baltic phases: Mastogloia, Littorina and Post-Littorina. Moreover, the so-called anthropogenic assemblage was observed in subbottom sediments of the study area.

scholarly journals Sea Ice Concentration Analyses for the Baltic Sea and Their Impact on Numerical Weather Prediction

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 982-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Drusch
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Sea ice concentration plays a fundamental role in the exchange of water and energy between the ocean and the atmosphere. Global real-time datasets of sea ice concentration are based on satellite observations, which do not necessarily resolve small-scale patterns or coastal features. In this study, the global National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 0.5° sea ice concentration dataset is compared with a regional high-resolution analysis for the Baltic Sea produced 2 times per week by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI). In general, the NCEP dataset exhibits less spatial and temporal variability during the winter of 2003/04. Because of the coarse resolution of the NCEP dataset, ice extent is generally larger than in the SMHI analysis. Mean sea ice concentrations derived from both datasets are in reasonable agreement during the ice-growing and ice-melting periods in January and April, respectively. For February and March, during which the sea ice extent is largest, mean sea ice concentrations are lower in the NCEP dataset relative to the SMHI product. Ten-day weather forecasts based on the NCEP sea ice concentrations and the SMHI dataset have been performed, and they were compared on the local, regional, and continental scales. Turbulent surface fluxes have been analyzed based on 24-h forecasts. The differences in sea ice extent during the ice-growing period in January cause mean differences of up to 30 W m−2 for sensible heat flux and 20 W m−2 for latent heat flux in parts of the Gulf of Bothnia and the Gulf of Finland. The comparison between spatially aggregated fluxes yields differences of up to 36 and 20 W m−2 for sensible and latent heat flux, respectively. The differences in turbulent fluxes result in different planetary boundary height and structure. Even the forecast cloud cover changes by up to 40% locally.

Body size and reproductive traits of Palaemon elegans Rathke, 1837 (Crustacea, Decapoda), a recent colonizer of the Baltic Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Janas ◽  
Anna Mańkucka
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Palaemon Elegans ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic

Body size and reproductive traits ofis a species of prawn new (since 2000) to the southern Baltic. The aim of this study was to find out whether there are differences in the sizes of individuals and in the reproductive traits of

scholarly journals Predicting ice-induced load amplitudes on ship bow conditional on ice thickness and ship speed in the Baltic Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Kotilainen ◽  
Jarno Vanhatalo ◽  
Mikko Suominen ◽  
Pentti Kujala
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Ship Speed

Seasonal variability of phytoplankton in the shallow waters of the southern Baltic Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Iwona Zabroś ◽  
Marlena Mioskowska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Southern Baltic Sea ◽  
Southern Baltic ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is characterized by a seasonal variation of phytoplankton structure. These organisms are particularly sensitive to changes in various environmental parameters. Cyclic, recurring annually fluctuation of species composition, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton is a consequence of these changes. Spatial and temporal variability of particular groups of phytoplankton is not the same in different areas of the Baltic Sea. The purpose of this work was to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton in three chosen areas of the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea (Ustka, Poddąbie and Rowy) in the period of November 2014 - September 2016. Mean values of abundance and biomass of phytoplankton for the surveyed areas were typical for this type of coastal waters. In each of the surveyed areas the same dominat species in terms of the abundance and biomass were observed. A growth of diatoms was recorded only in the area of Ustka, which could have been caused by the inflow of river waters. Seasonal surveys of phytoplankton indicated that in the case of the studies regarding this parameter – taxonomic composition, abundance and biomass in the same surveyed area were similar at the three research stations (e.g. 75-80%), depending on the season of the year. On this basis, it was concluded that, whether carrying out the monitoring of phytoplankton or planned investments, the sample collection frequency had a greater significance than the number of research stations.

Comparison of the main sea ice parameters received from satellite measurements and based on numerical simulation for the Baltic Sea region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromir Jakacki ◽  
Maciej Muzyka ◽  
Marta Konik ◽  
Anna Przyborska ◽  
Jan Andrzejewski
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Sea Ice Concentration ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
The Baltic

<p>During the last decades remote sensing observations as well as modelling tools has been developed and become key elements of oceanographic research. One of the main advantages of both tools is a possibility of measuring large-scale areas.</p><p>The remote sensing measurements deliver only snapshots of the ice situation with no information about backgroundconditions. Moreover, providing picture of the whole area requires sometimes combining various datasets that increases uncertainties.  Modelling simulations provide full history of external conditions, but they also introduce errors that are the result of parameterizations. Also, an inaccuracy provided by forcing fields at the top and bottom boundaries are accumulated in the model.</p><p>In this work sea ice parameters such as sea ice concentration, thickness and volume obtained from both – satellite measurements and modelling has been compared. Numerical simulations were performed using standalone Community Ice Code (CICE) model (v. 6.0). It is a descendant of the basin scale dynamic-thermodynamic and thickness distribution sea ice model. The model is well known by scientific community and was widely used in a global as well as regional research, even operationally. The satellite derived ice thickness products were based on the C band HH-polarized SAR measurements originating from the satellites Sentinel-1 and RADARSAT-2. The sea ice concentration maps contain also visual and infrared information from MODIS and NOAA.</p><p>The ice extent, thickness and volume were compared in several regions within the Baltic Sea.  Seasonal changes were analyzed with a particular attention to ice formation and melting time. The sea ice extent datasets were compatible. Inconsistencies were observed for the sea ice thickness delivered by satellite measurements, especially during the ice melt. The work presents direction for ignoring satellite data with an error related to ice melting that allows for excluding erroneous satellite maps and obtain reliable intercalibration.</p><p> </p><p>This work was partly funded by Polish National Science Centre, project number 2017/25/B/ST10/00159</p>

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Sea Ice Conditions in the Baltic Sea for 2010–2016 Winters Using the 3D CEMBS Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Janecki ◽  
Artur Nowicki ◽  
Alicja Kańska ◽  
Maria Golenko ◽  
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ice Concentration ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract Sea ice conditions in the Baltic Sea during six latest winters – 2010/2011 to 2015/2016 are analysed using coupled ice–ocean numerical model 3D CEMBS (3D Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea). Simulation results are compared with observations from monitoring stations, ice charts and satellite data. High correlation between model results and observations has been confirmed both in terms of spatial and temporal approach. The analysed period has a high interannual variability of ice extent, the number of ice days and ice thickness. Increasing number of relatively mild winters in the Northern Europe directly associated with climate change results in reduced ice concentration in the Baltic Sea. In this perspective, the implementation and development of the sea ice modelling approach (in addition to standard monitoring techniques) is critical to assess current state of the Baltic Sea environment and predict possible climate related changes in the ecosystem and their influence for human marine–related activities, such as fishery or transportation.

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