Do Weak Institutions Affect Recording of Terror Incidents? Evidence from the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Us States ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Institutional Economic ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Health Related

AbstractRecording of crimes as terror incidents often falls in an unclear/fuzzy area due to overlaps with other crimes such as hate crimes, drug or mental health-related crimes, etc. This paper addresses the recording of crimes as terror crimes across US states, alternately considering both the prevalence and intensity of such crimes. Placing the explanatory variables under institutional, economic, social, political and enforcement categories, results show that weak institutions, ceteris paribus, undermine the recording of terror crimes. In other significant influences, states with greater ethnic homogeneity were less likely to have recorded terror crimes and more populous states had greater incidence (but not greater intensity) of recorded terror activity. Some implications for policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluations of Mental Health Programs for Children and Adolescents in the United States: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna Sung ◽  
Corinne Kacmarek ◽  
Jessica L. Schleider
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Mental Health Interventions

The United States spent 201 billion dollars on mental health related concerns in 2013, ranking mental illness as the leading cause of disability and the single largest source of economic burden worldwide. With mental health-related treatment costs and economic burden only projected to rise, there is an increasing need for cost-inclusive evaluations of mental health interventions specific to the United States as economic evaluations across countries are not easily comparable. Thus, this systematic, descriptive review characterized the types of interventions, target populations, and the quality of 9 economic evaluation studies (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of youth mental health services conducted in the United States from 2003 to 2019. Existing evaluations suggest that certain mental health interventions for youth, among the few that have been formally evaluated, may be cost-effective and cost-beneficial. However, the small number and mixed quality of eligible studies highlights a dearth of rigorously conductedeconomic evaluations on this topic, variability in cost and outcome assessment approaches, as well as the homogenous characteristics of interventions evaluated. Greater standardization is needed to increase confidence in these conclusions and generate a body of meaningful, quality research that has the potential to shape evidence-based mental health policy.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Characteristics of Mental Health Related Ambulance Calls in 2012-2014 in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Tsay ◽  
Alvaro L Fraga ◽  
Arion Lochner ◽  
Tyler Ellis ◽  
Jose L Puglisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Naltrexone Implant for Opioid Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Amber N. Edinoff ◽  
Catherine A. Nix ◽  
Claudia V. Orellana ◽  
Samantha M. StPierre ◽  
Erin A. Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Compliance Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Related

The continued rise in the availability of illicit opioids and opioid-related deaths in the United States has left physicians, researchers, and lawmakers desperate for solutions to this ongoing epidemic. The research into therapeutic options for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) began with the introduction of methadone in the 1960s. The approval of oral naltrexone initially showed much promise, as the drug was observed to be highly potent in antagonizing the effects of opioids while producing no opioid agonist effects of its own and having a favorable side effect profile. Patients that routinely take their naltrexone reported fewer days of heroin use and had more negative drug tests than those without treatment. Poor outcomes in OUD patients treated with naltrexone have been directly tied to short treatment time. Studies have shown that naltrexone given orally vs. as an implant at the 6-month interval showed a higher non-compliance rate among those who used oral medications at the 6-month mark and a slower return to use rate. There were concerns that naltrexone could possibly worsen negative symptoms seen in opiate use disorder related to blockade of endogenous opioids that are important for pleasurable stimuli. Studies have shown that naltrexone demonstrated no increase in levels of anxiety, depression and anhedonia in participants and another study found that those treated with naltrexone had a significant reduction in mental health-related hospitalizations. The latter study also concluded that there was no increased risk for mental health-related incidents in patients taking naltrexone via a long-acting implant. Although not yet FDA approved in the United States, naltrexone implant has shown promising results in Europe and Australia and may provide a novel treatment option for opioid addiction.

scholarly journals Evaluating Mental Health–Related Symptoms Among Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the COVID Impact Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.20.00752
Author(s):  
Jessica Yasmine Islam ◽  
Denise C. Vidot ◽  
Marlene Camacho-Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mental Health Symptoms ◽  
Health Symptoms ◽  
High School Degree ◽  
Health Related

PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental health of adults in the United States because of recommended preventive behaviors such as physical distancing. Our objective was to evaluate mental health symptoms and identify associated determinants among cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. METHODS: We used nationally representative data of 10,760 US adults from the COVID-19 Impact Survey. We defined cancer survivors as adults with a self-reported diagnosis of cancer (n = 854, 7.6%). We estimated associations of mental health symptoms among cancer survivors using multinomial logistic regression. We estimated determinants of reporting at least one mental health symptom 3-7 times in the 7 days before survey administration among cancer survivors using multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS: Cancer survivors were more likely to report feeling nervous, anxious, or on edge (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.90); depressed (aOR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.09); lonely (aOR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.91); and hopeless (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.06) 3-7 days per week in the last 7 days when compared with adults without cancer. Among cancer survivors, adults of age 30-44 years (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.87; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.95), females (aPR, 1.55, 95% CI, 1.12 to 2.13), adults without a high school degree (aPR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.04), and adults with limited social interaction (aPR, 1.40, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.95) were more likely to report at least one mental health–related symptom in the last 7 days (3-7 days/week). CONCLUSION: Cancer survivors are reporting mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly young adults, adults without a high school degree, women, and survivors with limited social support.

Mental health services providers' distribution across counties in the United States.

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1424-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Knesper ◽  
John R. Wheeler ◽  
David J. Pagnucco
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
The United States
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