Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szeliga ◽  
Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽  
Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽  
Veronika Szilágyi
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Musical Note ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Vistula River

Abstract The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.

scholarly journals Contribution to Understanding the Distribution of ‘Chocolate’ Flint on the Polish Lowlands in the Early Neolithic: Kruszyn, Site 13

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Jacek Kabaciński
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
The West ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
Linear Band ◽  
Early Farmers ◽  
Basin Area

Abstakt “Chocolate’”flint was the main raw material used by the Early Neolithic Linear Band Cul¬ture (LBK) groups in the Polish Lowlands. Since the second (note) phase of the development of this culture, the early farmers developed a complex system of distribution of ‘chocolate’ flint within the great-valleys zone of the Lowlands. Concretions of raw flint were transported by the Vistula river from the outcrops located on the southeastern slopes of the Świętokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains to Kuyavia. They were worked into cores and processed in settlements close to the Vistula valley. Cores and blades/flakes were also exported to distant locations to the west as far as the Lower Oder basin area. One would expect the existence of specialised workshops providing materials for such a mass distribution. Kruszyn site 13, Włocławek distr., is the first LBK ‘chocolate’ flint workshop discovered close to the Vistula river concentrated on production of blades. This site fits well into the LBK flint distribution system developed on the Lowlands

Słowiańskie osadnictwo w fazie plemiennej i wczesnopaństwowej (VII/VIII–XIII wiek) / Slavic settlement in the Tribal and Early State phase (7th/8th–13th centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Szmoniewski ◽  
Krzysztof Tunia
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Local Power ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Early State ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Vistula River ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Burial Rite

After the Early Slavic period a number of changes took place, which was manifested, among others, in the construction of strongholds – fortified seats of local power. This stage of Slavic development, lasting approximately 200 years from the turn of the 7th and 8th century on, is called the Tribal phase. At that time, the areas of western Lesser Poland belonged to the Vistulan tribe. Their central seat was the stronghold on Wawel Hill in Kraków. At the end of the 10th century the Piasts began to play an active military and political role in the Vistula River basin. Their successful expansion gave rise to the Early State phase. After 966, as Christianity progressed, inhumation replaced cremation as the burial rite. The oldest row-arranged cemeteries were founded on the upper Vistula from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries. They were used until end of the 12th century, or longer. Two such cemeteries were examined in the study area, in Wawrzeńczyce and Stręgoborzyce. They were abandoned with the consolidation of the parish network and the establishment of church cemeteries in the 13th century. Material culture of the Tribal phase – besides native production – yielded artifacts indicating contacts with areas south of the Carpathians, with the nomadic Avars and, after their fall, with Hungarians.

Social organization in the Orcadian Neolithic: identification of elite domestic structures and settlements through analysis of excavation data

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
David MacInnes
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The Subject

The nature of social organization during the Orcadian Neolithic has been the subject of discussion for several decades with much of the debate focused on answering an insightful question posed by Colin Renfrew in 1979. He asked, how was society organised to construct the larger, innovative monuments of the Orcadian Late Neolithic that were centralised in the western Mainland? There are many possible answers to the question but little evidence pointing to a probable solution, so the discussion has continued for many years. This paper takes a new approach by asking a different question: what can be learned about Orcadian Neolithic social organization from the quantitative and qualitative evidence accumulating from excavated domestic structures and settlements?In an attempt to answer this question, quantitative and qualitative data about domestic structures and about settlements was collected from published reports on 15 Orcadian Neolithic excavated sites. The published data is less extensive than hoped but is sufficient to support a provisional answer: a social hierarchy probably did not develop in the Early Neolithic but almost certainly did in the Late Neolithic, for which the data is more comprehensive.While this is only one approach of several possible ways to consider the question, it is by exploring different methods of analysis and comparing them that an understanding of the Orcadian Neolithic can move forward.

Major and Trace Elements in the Humic Acid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Katalin Gméling ◽  
Tímea Kocsis ◽  
János Osán ◽  
Mihály András Pocsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Analysis

We present precise analysis of major and trace elements of the humic acid. We used three different element analytical techniques in our investigations as prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. We identified 42 elements in our sample.

scholarly journals Characteristics of multi-annual variation of precipitation in areas particularly exposed to extreme phenomena. Part 1. The upper Vistula river basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00121
Author(s):  
Bernard Twaróg
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Initial Section ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Vistula River

The study contains an analysis of precipitation, covering multiple profiles and based on the GPCC database that provides monthly mean values for the territory upper Vistula catchment. The analysis includes data for the period 1901-2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude. The initial section of the analysis contains an assessment of GPCC data accuracy for the territory of Poland and the period 1961-1990. The following sections include a data analysis in monthly profiles and hydrological cycle profiles, taking into account hydrological summer and hydrological winter. A cluster analysis is also included, with drought and flood periods indicated. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated.

scholarly journals The Geochemistry of 1 ky Old Euxinic Sediments of the Western Black Sea

Geosciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 455
Author(s):  
Octavian G. Duliu ◽  
Carmen I. Cristache ◽  
Ana-Voica Bojar ◽  
Gheorghe Oaie ◽  
Otilia-Ana Culicov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Epithermal Neutron ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
The Core ◽  
North American Shale Composite ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediment ◽  
Continental Origin

To get more data on the geochemistry of Black Sea euxinic sediments, a 50-cm core was collected at a depth of 600 m on a Western Black Sea Continental Platform slope. The core contained unconsolidated sediments rich in cocoolithic ooze and mud. Epithermal Neutron and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis were used to determine the content of nine major (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe as oxides) and 32 trace elements (Cl, Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U) with a precision varying between 3 and 9%. The core contained unconsolidated sediment rich in coccolithic ooze and mud. Previous 210 Pb geochronology suggests an age of ∼1 ky of considered sediments. Major components distribution showed that, except for Cl and Ca, the contents of all other elements are similar to Upper Continental Crust (UCC) and North American Shale Composite (NASC). The distribution of the 32 trace elements showed similarities to the UCC, except for redox-sensitive metals Fe, Se, Mo, and U, of which the significantly higher content reflects the presence of euxinic conditions during deposition. A chondrite normalized plot of nine rare earth elements indicated a similarity to UCC and NASC, suggesting a continental origin of sedimentary material.

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