Characteristics of multi-annual variation of precipitation in areas particularly exposed to extreme phenomena. Part 1. The upper Vistula river basin

The study contains an analysis of precipitation, covering multiple profiles and based on the GPCC database that provides monthly mean values for the territory upper Vistula catchment. The analysis includes data for the period 1901-2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude. The initial section of the analysis contains an assessment of GPCC data accuracy for the territory of Poland and the period 1961-1990. The following sections include a data analysis in monthly profiles and hydrological cycle profiles, taking into account hydrological summer and hydrological winter. A cluster analysis is also included, with drought and flood periods indicated. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated.

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Characteristics of multi-annual variation of precipitation in areas particularly exposed to extreme phenomena. Part 2. The upper and middle Oder river basin

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20184900122 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 00122

Author(s):

Bernard Twaróg

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

River Basin ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Annual Variation ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Mean Values ◽

Drought And Flood ◽

Oder River

The study contains an analysis of precipitation, covering multiple profiles and based on the GPCC database that provides monthly mean values for the territory upper and middle Oder catchment. The analysis includes data for the period 1901-2010 with a spatial resolution of 0.5° ×°0.5° of geographic longitude and latitude. The following sections include a data analysis in monthly profiles and hydrological cycle profiles, taking into account hydrological summer and hydrological winter. A cluster analysis is also included, with drought and flood periods indicated. The periodical nature of precipitation is assessed and the trends in climate changes calculated.

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STUDY OF POND STATUS IN INDIA : A REVIEW

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v23i1pp99-104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V.K. YADAV ◽

SONAM SHARMA ◽

A.K. SRIVASTAVA ◽

P.K. KHARE

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Land Surface ◽

Human Population ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Habitat Destruction ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Goods And Services ◽

Human Use ◽

Over Exploitation

Ponds are an important fresh water critical ecosystem for plants and animals providing goods and services including food, fodder, fish, irrigation, hydrological cycle, shelter, medicine, culture, aesthetic and recreation. Ponds cover less than 2 percent of worlds land surface. Ponds are important source of fresh water for human use. These are threatened by urbanization, industrialization, over exploitation, fragmentation, habitat destruction, pollution, illegal capturing of land and climate changes. These above factors have been destroying ponds very rapidly putting them in danger of extinction of a great number of local biodiversity. It is necessary to formulate a correct conservation strategy for pond restoration in order to meet the growing needs of fresh water by increasing the human population. Some measures have been compiled and proposed in the present review.

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Obsidian in the Early Neolithic of the Upper Vistula basin: origin, processing, distribution and use – a case study from Tominy (southern Poland)

Praehistorische Zeitschrift ◽

10.1515/pz-2021-0014 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Marcin Szeliga ◽

Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽

Grzegorz Osipowicz ◽

Veronika Szilágyi

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Published Data ◽

Prompt Gamma ◽

Early Neolithic ◽

Musical Note ◽

Southern Poland ◽

The Carpathians ◽

Vistula River

Abstract The inflow of the Carpathian obsidian into the areas on the northern side of the Carpathians and the Sudetes is confirmed as early as in the Palaeolithic. However, its greatest intensity occurred in the Early Neolithic, i. e. in the late 6th and in the first half of 5th millennia BC. During that period, the phenomenon was closely related with the development of the Danubian cultural groups in the upper Vistula river basin, including especially Linear Pottery culture (LBK) and Malice Culture. The constant presence of this raw material products in mentioned areas is documented from the classical (musical-note) phase of LBK, constituting one of the most expressive pieces of evidence of permanent and intense intercultural contacts with communities of the northern Carpathian Basin. This phenomenon has been repeatedly emphasized in the literature. One of the most numerous LBK obsidian inventories in the upper Vistula river basin was obtained at site 6 in Tominy, located in southern Poland, in the non-loess zone of the Sandomierz Upland northern foreground. The above-mentioned collection, its non-destructive elemental analysis, using Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis (PGAA) and also traceological analysis, is the subject of this article. The results supplement the published data to a significant extent, simultaneously providing partial verification and updating of the current state of knowledge on the basic issues related to the Early Neolithic obsidian inflow into areas located North of the Carpathians, including primarily the origin of the raw material, the scale of its processing and distribution ways, as well as the range of its use by the LBK communities.

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Assessment of Tropospheric Concentrations of NO2 from the TROPOMI/Sentinel-5 Precursor for the Estimation of Long-Term Exposure to Surface NO2 over South Korea

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13101877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1877

Author(s):

Ukkyo Jeong ◽

Hyunkee Hong

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

Mean Values ◽

Mixing Ratios ◽

Tropospheric No2 ◽

Korean Ministry ◽

Surface Mixing ◽

Rural Sites

Since April 2018, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) has provided data on tropospheric NO2 column concentrations (CTROPOMI) with unprecedented spatial resolution. This study aims to assess the capability of TROPOMI to acquire high spatial resolution data regarding surface NO2 mixing ratios. In general, the instrument effectively detected major and moderate sources of NO2 over South Korea with a clear weekday–weekend distinction. We compared the CTROPOMI with surface NO2 mixing ratio measurements from an extensive ground-based network over South Korea operated by the Korean Ministry of Environment (SKME; more than 570 sites), for 2019. Spatiotemporally collocated CTROPOMI and SKME showed a moderate correlation (correlation coefficient, r = 0.67), whereas their annual mean values at each site showed a higher correlation (r = 0.84). The CTROPOMI and SKME were well correlated around the Seoul metropolitan area, where significant amounts of NO2 prevailed throughout the year, whereas they showed lower correlation at rural sites. We converted the tropospheric NO2 from TROPOMI to the surface mixing ratio (STROPOMI) using the EAC4 (ECMWF Atmospheric Composition Reanalysis 4) profile shape, for quantitative comparison with the SKME. The estimated STROPOMI generally underestimated the in-situ value obtained, SKME (slope = 0.64), as reported in previous studies.

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Assessing the Pollution Level in the Kuban River Basin by Multivariate Cluster Analysis

Asian Journal of Water Environment and Pollution ◽

10.3233/ajw200053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 73-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vera Snezhko ◽

Dmitrii Benin ◽

Artem Lukyanets ◽

Larisa Kondratenko

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

River Basin ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Chemical System ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Multivariate Cluster Analysis ◽

Water Chemical Composition ◽

Aluminium Copper ◽

Kuban River ◽

Multivariate Cluster

Considering features of hydrological conditions for hydro-chemical system, this paper analyses the performance of the hydro-ecological status of the Kuban river basin.. The results of the study on water chemical composition depending on the distance from the source are presented. By comparing the results with the reference values of water quality, increased aluminium, zinc, and copper content was established. Respective dendrograms of hydro-ecological studies obtained according to performed analysis for the Kuban River and its tributaries are presented. The relevance of the findings received is p<0.0005 and the correlation coefficient corresponds to 0.935...1. The results of multivariate cluster analysis showed that the Kuban basin has an increased content of particular heavy metals such as aluminium, copper, and zinc.

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Transformation of the Flow Regime of a Large Allochthonous River in Central Europe—An Example of the Vistula River in Poland

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020507 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 507 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dariusz Wrzesiński ◽

Leszek Sobkowiak

Keyword(s):

Flow Regime ◽

Annual Cycle ◽

River Flow ◽

Hydrological Cycle ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Point Of View ◽

Theoretical Point ◽

Vistula River ◽

Basin Water

Identification of river flow regime and its possible changes caused by natural factors or human activity is one of major issues in modern hydrology. In such studies different approaches and different indicators can be used. The aim of this study is to determine changes in flow regime of the largest river in Poland—the Vistula, using new, more objectified coefficients and indices, based on data recorded in 22 gauges on the Vistula mainstream and 38 gauges on its tributaries in the multi-year period 1971–2010. The paper consists of three main parts: in the first part, in order to recognize changes in the flow regime characteristics along the Vistula, data from gauges located on the river mainstream were analyzed with the help of the theory of entropy. In the second part gauging stations on the Vistula mainstream and its tributaries were grouped; values of the newly introduced pentadic Pardé’s coefficient of flow (discharge) (PPC) were taken as the grouping criterion. In the third part of the study a novel method of determining river regime characteristics was applied: through the recognition of the temporal structure of hydrological phenomena and their changes in the annual cycle sequences of hydrological periods (characteristic phases of the hydrological cycle) on the Vistula River mainstream and its tributaries were identified and their occurrence in the yearly cycle was discussed. Based on the detected changes of the 73-pentad Pardé’s coefficients of flow four main types of rivers were distinguished. Transformation of the flow regime was reflected in the identified different sequences of hydrological periods in the average annual cycle. It was found that while transformation of the Vistula River regime occurred along its whole course, the most frequent changes were detected in its upper, mountainous reaches, under the influence of the flow characteristics of its tributaries. This allowed the Vistula to be considered the allochthonous river. These findings are interesting not only from a theoretical point of view, but they also can be valuable to stakeholders in the field of the Vistula River basin water management and hydrological forecasting, including flood protection, which has recently become a matter of growing concern due to the observed effects of climate change and human impact.

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A Simultaneous Cluster Analysis of Cognitive, Emotional, and Personality Factors and Insomnia and Sleep Quality Among Earthquake Victims

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2018.156 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 745-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Habibolah Khazaie ◽

Ali Zakiei ◽

Saeid Komasi

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Emotion Regulation ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Experiential Avoidance ◽

Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe current study compares the measures of sleep quality and intensity of insomnia based on the clustering analysis of variables including dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, experiential avoidance, personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation among the individuals struck by an earthquake in Kermanshah Province.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study that was carried out among earthquake victims of Kermanshah Province (western Iran) in 2017. Data were gathered starting 10 days after the earthquake and lasted for 2 weeks; of 1,200 standard questionnaires distributed, 1,001 responses were received, and the analysis was performed using 999 participants. The data analysis was carried out using a cluster analysis (K-mean method).ResultsTwo clusters were identified, and there is a significant difference between these two clusters in regard to all of the variables. The cluster with higher mean values for the selected variables shows a higher intensity of insomnia and a lower sleep quality.ConclusionsConsidering the current results, it can be concluded that variables of dysfunctional attitudes and beliefs about sleep, experiential avoidance, the personality traits of neuroticism, and complications with emotion regulation are able to identify the clusters where there is a significant difference in regard to sleep quality and the intensity of insomnia. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:745–752)

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Identification of the Impacts of Climate Changes and Human Activities on Runoff in the Jinsha River Basin, China

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2017/4631831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaowan Liu ◽

Dingzhi Peng ◽

Zongxue Xu

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

River Basin ◽

Human Activities ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Balance Method ◽

Variation Method ◽

Rainfall Runoff ◽

Jinsha River ◽

Water Balance Method ◽

Double Mass

Quantifying the impacts of climate changes and human activities on runoff has received extensive attention, especially for the regions with significant elevation difference. The contributions of climate changes and human activities to runoff were analyzed using rainfall-runoff relationship, double mass curve, slope variation, and water balance method during 1961–2010 at the Jinsha River basin, China. Results indicate that runoff at upstream and runoff at midstream are both dominated by climate changes, and the contributions of climate changes to runoff are 63%~72% and 53%~68%, respectively. At downstream, climate changes account for only 13%~18%, and runoff is mainly controlled by human activities, contributing 82%~87%. The availability and stability of results were compared and analyzed in the four methods. Results in slope variation, double mass curve, and water balance method except rainfall-runoff relationship method are of good agreement. And the rainfall-runoff relationship, double mass curve, and slope variation method are all of great stability. The four methods and availability evaluation of them could provide a reference to quantification in the contributions of climate changes and human activities to runoff at similar basins in the future.

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Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Data Analysis for Quantitative Comparison of Microbial Communities

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.2.926-932.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 926-932 ◽

Cited By ~ 231

Author(s):

Christopher B. Blackwood ◽

Terry Marsh ◽

Sang-Hoon Kim ◽

Eldor A. Paul

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Restriction Fragment ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Redundancy Analysis ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Peak Height ◽

Relative Peak Height ◽

Restriction Fragment Length

ABSTRACT Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) is a culture-independent method of obtaining a genetic fingerprint of the composition of a microbial community. Comparisons of the utility of different methods of (i) including peaks, (ii) computing the difference (or distance) between profiles, and (iii) performing statistical analysis were made by using replicated profiles of eubacterial communities. These samples included soil collected from three regions of the United States, soil fractions derived from three agronomic field treatments, soil samples taken from within one meter of each other in an alfalfa field, and replicate laboratory bioreactors. Cluster analysis by Ward's method and by the unweighted-pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were compared. Ward's method was more effective at differentiating major groups within sets of profiles; UPGMA had a slightly reduced error rate in clustering of replicate profiles and was more sensitive to outliers. Most replicate profiles were clustered together when relative peak height or Hellinger-transformed peak height was used, in contrast to raw peak height. Redundancy analysis was more effective than cluster analysis at detecting differences between similar samples. Redundancy analysis using Hellinger distance was more sensitive than that using Euclidean distance between relative peak height profiles. Analysis of Jaccard distance between profiles, which considers only the presence or absence of a terminal restriction fragment, was the most sensitive in redundancy analysis, and was equally sensitive in cluster analysis, if all profiles had cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units. It is concluded that T-RFLP is a sensitive method of differentiating between microbial communities when the optimal statistical method is used for the situation at hand. It is recommended that hypothesis testing be performed by redundancy analysis of Hellinger-transformed data and that exploratory data analysis be performed by cluster analysis using Ward's method to find natural groups or by UPGMA to identify potential outliers. Analyses can also be based on Jaccard distance if all profiles have cumulative peak heights greater than 10,000 fluorescence units.

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