Poder local e EJA: suas relações com as políticas públicas em São João de Meriti

Este artigo buscou analisar as relações entre poder local e EJA junto as políticas públicas no município de São João de Meriti/RJ. Percebeu-se a prática história de violação de direitos e de manutenção da relação estado-sociedade baseada no clientelismo, em que é negado o direito à cidade, onde se inscreve o direito à educação. No tocante à EJA verificou-se que a modalidade cumpre um papel potencial na garantia do direito constitucional à educação básica e que há uma relação orgânica e dialética entre o poder local hegemônico do território e a produção da desigualdade social através das políticas públicas elencadas.Palavras-chave: Poder local; EJA; São João de Meriti.Local power and EJA: its relationships with public policies in São João de MeritiABSTRACTThis article sought to analyze the relationship between local power and EJA along with public policies in the municipality of São João de Meriti/RJ. It was noticed the practical history of violation of rights and maintenance of the state-society relationship based on clientelism, in which the full right to the city, where the right to education is inscribed. With regard to EJA, it was found that the modality plays a potential role in guaranteeing the constitutional right to basic education and that there is an organic and dialectical relationship between the local hegemonic power of the territory and the production of social inequality through the listed public policies.Keywords: Local power; EJA; São João de Meriti.El poder local y EJA: sus relaciones com las políticas públicas em São João de MeritiRESUMENEste artículo buscó analizar la relación entre el poder local y EJA junto con las políticas públicas en el municipio de São João de Meriti/RJ. Se notó la historia práctica de vulneración de derechos y mantenimiento de la relación Estado-sociedad basada en el clientelismo, en la que se niega el pleno derecho a la ciudad, donde se inscribe el derecho a la educación. Con respecto a EJA, se encontró que la modalidad juega un papel potencial en la garantía del derecho constitucional a la educación básica y que existe una relación orgánica y dialéctica entre el poder hegemónico local del territorio y la producción de desigualdad social a través de la ciudadanía catalogada. políticas. Palabras clave: Poder local; EJA; São João de Meriti.

Prospecting for underground natural hydrogen - new energy for the future

Hydrogen, accounting for 75% of ordinary matter by mass and over 90% by atomic number, is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mainly in the form of chemical compounds such as water and hydrocarbons. When burned, hydrogen gas (H2) produces heat and water without causing environmental pollution, thus it is expected to be one of the clean energy sources for the future. Industrial hydrogen has so far been mainly produced by thermochemical processes of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, and insignificantly by electrolysis of water. Recent natural hydrogen discoveries recorded in the world, especially the exploration and discovery of relatively pure underground hydrogen which was extracted and used as fuel for a local power generator in Bourakebougou (Mali), show the possibility of prospecting for underground natural hydrogen. The article provides an overview of natural hydrogen discoveries over the world and gives recommendations on the prospecting for underground natural hydrogen in Vietnam.

Cities as Lobbyists

In the United States, state-local relations are characterized by increasing urban-rural polarization, and several states have recently engaged in high-profile preemption efforts that seek to limit local power. But cities aren’t powerless when it comes to shaping the political environment in which they operate. In fact, local governments are among the most active lobbyists in state politics. When and why do some local officials choose to hire lobbyists to represent them in other levels of government? How does this ability to pay for representation influence politics and policymaking? And what are the broader implications for intergovernmental representation? This chapter previews a theory of municipal lobbying that emphasizes political geography and outlines the structure and organization of the book. It also introduces the qualitative and quantitative data from dozens of sources that will be used throughout the book—including newly compiled longitudinal data on lobbying disclosures in all fifty states.

The Wars of the 1860s and the Atlantic (Americas and Europe)

During the 1860s, widespread warfare beset the Americas and Europe. Fighting resulted from challenges to existing political accommodations, and evolved into civil wars or interstate violence. Concurrently, economic and technological transformations through the 1860s aided long-distance communications, such as the coming of the telegraph and a much faster spread of steam power that helped to disseminate news and share experiences. All over the Atlantic, the triumph of national unification was the most visible result of the bloodbath, expanding state capacities and reinforcing the role of national symbols as common elements of a shared identity. Political and administrative centralization affected the exercise of local power in different ways, mainly in its capacity to recruit members of communities for war; appealing to national values and identities gradually became central in the demands for cooperation and sacrifice. After the end of combat, national authorities established regimes founded either on new constitutions or on amendments added to existing documents, the goal of which was reordering society according to rules capable of regulating and institutionalizing regional conflicts, simultaneously incorporating demands for representation and liberalization. These same groups demonstrated less efficiency when dealing with ethnic and social conflicts, sources of deeper divisions in societies that pretended to be consistent, progressive, and unified.

Individual Agency and the Diversity of Traditional Practice: The Iji Nla Association of Ijede

The history of the Yoruba is replete with individuals who through their activities changed the face of local tradition. In Ijede town, a suburb of Ikorodu in Ijede Local Council Development Area of Lagos State, exists the Iji Nla Association, an ancient traditional group that rose to local power through the agency of Prince Ajanaku during the first half of the twentieth century. Over time, it increasingly functioned as an institution providing traditional social control mechanisms and security. This article focuses on the origin, structure, and diversity of the Iji Nla Association as a traditional social mechanism and its continued relevance in Ijede. The methodology of this research is descriptive and analytical. It relies essentially on information from in-depth interviews and secondary sources such as books and journals.

A Novel Approach of Synchronization of Microgrid with a Power System of Limited Capacity

Currently, active networks called microgrids are formed on the basis of local power supply systems with a small share of distributed generation. Microgrids operating in an island mode, in some cases, have the ability to transfer electricity excess to an external network leading to a synchronization requirement; thus, the optimization task in terms of the system’s synchronization must be considered. This paper proposes a method for obtaining synchronization between microgrids and power systems of limited capacity based on a passive synchronization algorithm, allowing us to connect a microgrid to an external power system with a minimum impact moment on the shaft of the generating equipment. The algorithm application was demonstrated by considering a real-life object in Tajikistan. The simulation was carried out on RastrWin3. The obtained results show that the microgrid generator is connected to an external power system at an angle of 0.3° and a power surge of 29 kW, unlike the classical synchronization algorithm with an angle of 6.8° and a power surge of 154 kW (a reduction of the shock moment by more than five times). The proposed synchronization method allows us to reduce the resource consumption of the generating equipment and increase the reliability and efficiency of the functioning units of the examined power system.

Estimation of solar radiation using two step method in West Bengal

Solar radiation is the main source of energy for many physical, chemical and biological process .Estimation of solar radiation from other measured meteorological variables offers an important alternative in the absence of availability of measured solar radiation data. In this paper, we validate and assess five commonly used air temperature based models. The weather data of Dumdum (a station in Gangetic West Bengal) has been taken to observe whether the same works for this region or not. We have also validated and assessed a Local power-2 model (polynomial with degree two) with the same station, i.e., Dumdum (22.39° N, 88.27° E) and found it to give a more good result than Local model (linear in nature) so far developed. However the two step method to estimate solar radiation from the commonly measured air temperature in two steps gives more accurate estimation of solar radiation of a place. The model performance is evaluated using different law of error. Results show that the two step method gives good performance and significantly outperforms the temperature based models as claimed by our predecessors. The parameters of S/S0 equation were calculated by multiple regression model and was used `in the two step method for calculating the solar radiation. It is found that the two step method using the parameters determined by the proposed equations gives good performance. Therefore the two step method with the parameters determined by the proposed equations could also be used to estimate solar radiation in West Bengal and also at different places in India having similar topography. It is believed to be useful for the site where no measured solar radiation and sunshine duration data is available, whereas the air temperature are commonly measured.

Wardship

In the first decades of the thirteenth century, Popes Innocent III and Honorius III found themselves bound to support the succession of three young kings—Henry III of England, James I of Aragon, and Frederick II of Sicily. Although a supposed feudal right of wardship has often been supposed to have motivated the popes, actually, papal letters changed and altered their justifications for papal solicitude depending on the circumstances of the time. In practice, papal involvement in these royal minorities was reactive: the pope replied to petitions he received. Consequently, papal mandates and instructions were often variable and even contradictory. Papal instructions—rather than being a medium for a centralized papal will to be expressed—were more often the means through which local power struggles were fought.

Design of protection and control scheme for hybrid nanogrid

Nanogrid is “The new ray of hope” for people living in remote isolated locations as well as where power supply reliability is poor. A nanogrid is a small power capacity distribution system with the ability to operate standalone or with a utility grid. It consists of local power production supplying local loads and energy storage systems. In this paper, an innovative inverter design is presented, which converts the power in a single stage. It is superior to the traditional two-stage inverter system and can supply hybrid loads (AC and DC loads) with a single input. System AC and DC bus voltages are regulated under both steady-state and dynamic load variation conditions in the nanogrid. Simulation results are presented which confirm the suitability of the inverter and its control strategy for a hybrid nanogrid system.

Governance

The creation of every social programme entails decisions about governance—about how these programmes are to be funded and administered. Policymakers have made varying choices about the territorial organization of social programme governance, as well as the mix of public and private actors involved in their financing, administration, and delivery. These decisions are highly consequential, shaping the relative power of different constituencies and governing bodies. Governance systems also reflect views about central versus local power, the role of religious and other groups in social provision, and the balance between markets versus states in providing for human welfare needs. This chapter examines social programme governance from a historical and a cross-national perspective to elucidate key patterns and trends. The first half of the chapter focuses on the public–private mix in welfare governance, while the second explores territorial governance, with a specific focus on federalism. One important theme in this chapter concerns the need to challenge assumptions that welfare states are monolithic, highly centralized, and state dominated. Instead, contemporary welfare regimes are mixed systems in which policy development and implementation often take place through non-state actors and/or at subnational levels of government.