scholarly journals Planting grass filter strips: Does it influence the structure and function of riparian habitats of agricultural headwater streams?

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Smiley Jr. ◽  
Kathryne R. Rumora
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Filter Strips ◽  
Coarse Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Streams ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
Grass Filter Strips ◽  
And Function

AbstractGrass filter strips are strips of cool or warm season grasses planted adjacent to agricultural streams to reduce nutrient, pesticide, and sediment input. This conservation practice is the most frequently planted riparian buffer type in the United States. Previous studies have not evaluated how grass filter strips alter the structure and function of riparian habitats of agricultural streams. Our objective was to examine the research hypothesis that planting grass filter strips will influence the structure and function of riparian habitats of channelized agricultural headwater streams. We sampled riparian vegetation, quantified coarse particulate organic matter input and nutrient input, and measured water temperature within two unplanted riparian habitat sites, two riparian habitat with grass filter strips sites, and two forested riparian habitat sites of agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio. Forested riparian habitats exhibited greater percent maximum frequency of woody vegetation and reduced water temperatures than unplanted riparian habitats and grass filter strips. Forested riparian habitats also exhibited greater canopy cover, woody vegetation taxa richness, and coarse particulate organic matter input than grass filter strips and greater riparian widths and woody vegetation abundance than unplanted riparian habitats. Grass filter strips did not differ in structure and function from unplanted riparian habitats. We conclude that planting grass filter strips does not influence the structure and function of riparian habitats of channelized agricultural headwater streams.

Impacts of fish farm pollution on ecosystem structure and function of tropical headwater streams

2013 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo dos Santos Rosa ◽  
Anna Carolina Fornero Aguiar ◽  
Iola Gonçalves Boëchat ◽  
Björn Gücker
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ecosystem Structure And Function

Periphyton structure and function in constructed headwater streams of the Appalachian coalfield

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Krenz ◽  
Carl E. Zipper ◽  
Stephen H. Schoenholtz
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Biogeomes of hydrosphere and land as elements of the biosphere structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
And Function ◽  
Natural Groups ◽  
Ecological Convergence

Ecosystems as the smallest unit in the structure of the biosphere form natural groups with similar nonliving or inert components (geome) and leaving, biotic (biome) as a result of the ecological convergence. Thus it is formed following after ecosystem level structure of the biosphere – biogeomes or complexes of similar in its structure and function ecosystems. It is proposed unit classification of 12 biogeomes of hydrosphere and land, combining with three types of ecosystems: biotic, oligobiotic and subbiotic types. The biotic type combine with ecosystems controlled by leaving components as well as woody vegetation or hermatypic corrals. The ecosystems of oligobiotic type have strong impact of abiotic factors but biotic ones are important too. It is grass ecosystems on the land, and shelf ecosystems of ocean. In subbiotic type of ecosystems strongly prevail in its habitus abiotic components. It is ecosystems of deserts, and ocean deep bottom or pelagic ocean ecosystems. The evolution of biosphere was lead as well as to new local ecosystems divergently and convergently to formation limit number of ecosystems types, biogeomes. There is reason to believe it possible to form a new scientific section – biogeomics because there is a particular object of it study – the biogeome.

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

Use of human autoantibodies and immunoelectron microscopy to study structure and function of the nucleolus and nuclear bodies

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
Robert L. Ochs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Nuclear Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Interior ◽  
Coiled Bodies ◽  
Interchromatin Granules ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Perichromatin Granules ◽  
Perichromatin Fibrils

By conventional electron microscopy, the formed elements of the nuclear interior include the nucleolus, chromatin, interchromatin granules, perichromatin granules, perichromatin fibrils, and various types of nuclear bodies (Figs. 1a-c). Of these structures, all have been reasonably well characterized structurally and functionally except for nuclear bodies. The most common types of nuclear bodies are simple nuclear bodies and coiled bodies (Figs. 1a,c). Since nuclear bodies are small in size (0.2-1.0 μm in diameter) and infrequent in number, they are often overlooked or simply not observed in any random thin section. The rat liver hepatocyte in Fig. 1b is a case in point. Historically, nuclear bodies are more prominent in hyperactive cells, they often occur in proximity to nucleoli (Fig. 1c), and sometimes they are observed to “bud off” from the nucleolar surface.

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